重庆“地票”制度对城乡融合发展的影响及启示

Effects of the land bill system in Chongqing municipality on the integrated development of urban and rural areas and implications

城乡融合发展是实现乡村全面振兴的重要举措,重庆市创设地票制度的初衷在于推动城乡统筹与融合发展,但目前缺乏相应评估。论文根据1998—2020年间全国70个城市的面板数据、2008—2020年地票交易数据和地票生成地的农户调研数据,通过空间分析和合成控制法系统评估了重庆市地票制度对城乡融合发展的影响。研究表明,地票制度促进了重庆市城乡融合发展,表现为农村人均可支配收入、非农劳动力供给、城市建设用地供给和人均地区生产总值的增加,以及耕地流失和城乡居民收入差距的下降。地票作为“杠杆”将城乡地域系统中“人—地—业—钱”各类要素进行耦合互动关联,助推城乡融合发展。鉴于地票制度已在全国多地试点,有必要探索如何实现城市近郊集体经营性建设用地入市与远郊地票制度的联动,促进城乡融合发展的平衡性调整;同时,政府应积极拓展地票制度服务于乡村振兴和生态修复的功能,适度增加乡村振兴用地并将农村闲置用地恢复为生态用地,协同促进乡村振兴与生态文明建设。

The integrated development of urban and rural areas is an important measure for achieving comprehensive rural revitalization in China,and policymakers are particularly concerned about this issue.The initial intention of establishing the land bill system in Chongqing Municipality was to promote coordinated and integrated development between urban and rural areas,but there has been a lack of corresponding evaluation.Based on the panel data from 70 cities between 1998 and 2020,land bill transaction data from 2008 to 2020,and a survey of farming households in outflow areas of land bill,this study systematically evaluated the impact of the land bill system in Chongqing Municipality on the integrated development of urban and rural areas through spatial analysis and synthetic control methods.This study found that the land bill system promoted urban-rural integration in Chongqing,manifested by an increase in the per capita disposable income in rural areas,the supply of urban construction land,the supply of the non-agricultural labor force,and regional per capita GDP.The pressures of farmland loss and income disparity between urban and rural residents have significantly decreased.The land bill,as a"lever",couples the elements of people-land-industry-capital in rural areas,which is conducive to building interactive relationships among the internal elements of the urban-rural regional system,and further promotes the integrated development of urban and rural areas.Considering that the land bill system has been piloted in many parts of the country,it is necessary to further explore ways to improve the linkage between collective-operated construction land near cities and the land bill system in remote suburbs,in order to promote the balanced adjustment of urban and rural integrated development.At the same time,the government should actively expand the service functions of the land bill system in rural revitalization and ecological restoration,moderately increase land supply,and restore rural idle land to ecological land,thereby synergistically promoting the development of ecological civilization.