村域耕地边际化诊断及空间分异研究

Diagnosis and spatial differentiation of farmland marginalization in village level

耕地边际化的诊断识别对于建立山区粮食与生态安全间的适度平衡具有重要意义。论文基于边际化类型划分及传统诊断思路,尝试构建“时间诊断—显隐交互—空间分布”的综合分析框架,以“三变”改革①发源地贵州省六盘水市舍烹村为例,采用标准差椭圆、核密度等空间分析方法,探究不同类型耕地边际化的时空分布情况及特征。研究表明:耕地边际化时间上可以“纯收益”年际变化作为关键指标进行诊断,空间上能以耕地向其他地类转移趋势进行表达;2000—2020年间舍烹村耕地出现了两次明显的边际化现象,分别出现在2013—2014年与2016—2017年,后者程度较深;2010—2015年期间舍烹村耕地边际化显隐交互特征最为明显,显性特征中耕地物理、自然及经济边际化分别发生了7.13、0.99、33.27 hm^(2),隐性特征中边际化程度在“三变”改革前后呈现相互融合、交替变化特征。研究围绕“粮食安全—经济发展—生态保护”思路提出政策建议,可为促进山区耕地保护及可持续利用提供对策参考。

The diagnosis and identification of farmland marginalization are intricately linked to establishing a delicate equilibrium between food security and ecological security.This study constructed a comprehensive analytical framework of"temporal diagnosis,explicit and implicit factor interaction,and spatial distribution"by categorizing farmland marginalization types and integrating traditional diagnostic concepts.Using Shepeng Village,the birthplace of the"three changes"reform,as a case study,we conducted an investigation into the spatial and temporal distribution and characteristics of different types of arable land employing standard deviation ellipse,3D kernel density,and other spatial analysis methods.The findings indicate that:1)The temporal diagnosis of farmland marginalization can be done through the interannual variation of net income as a key indicator and can be manifested spatially by the trend of farmland conversion to other land use types.2)Between 2000 and 2020,farmland in Shepeng Village displayed two prominent marginalization phenomena,occurring in 2013-2014 and 2016-2017,with the latter being more pronounced.3)During 2010-2015,farmland marginalization in Shepeng Village exhibited explicit and implicit characteristics prominently.The physical,natural,and economic marginalization of farmland as explicit features amounted to 7.13 hm^(2),0.99 hm^(2),and 33.27 hm^(2) respectively.The degree of marginalization in implicit features demonstrated more significant changes before and after the"three changes"reform,displaying characteristics of mutual fusion and alternating changes.Policy recommendations centered around the concept of food security,economic development,and ecological protection were proposed to provide guidance for promoting the protection and sustainable use of farmland in mountainous areas.