犯罪结构变化背景下的轻罪治理路径

Misdemeanor Governance Measures under the Background of the Changes in Criminal Structure

随着刑事立法中大量轻罪罪名的出现及实践中大量轻罪案件的产生,我国犯罪结构发生深刻变化,如何治理轻罪相伴而生。有必要在明确轻罪范围的基础上,分别从实体和程序两个层面构建轻罪治理的具体路径。实体层面上,要明确出罪标准的适用,从罚金刑配置的合理性和缓刑配置的精准性两方面推动完善刑罚制裁体系,同时以成年人轻罪记录封存为基础阶梯式探索轻罪前科消灭。程序层面上,一要建立轻罪治理程序分流机制,同时慎用羁押性强制措施,对未判实刑或依法相对不诉的轻罪案件,充分发挥社区矫正作用;二要实现轻罪案件快速办理,建立完善轻罪案件侦捕诉联动与监督机制和轻罪案件协商机制,搭建从侦查到起诉再到判决执行的全流程、全方位轻罪治理体系。

As the number of misdemeanor offences in criminal legislation and the number of misdemeanor cases in practice have increased,the criminal structure in China has been substantially changed,which led to questions regarding how to deal with misdemeanors.It is necessary to formulate specific ways to deal with misdemeanors from substance and procedure respectively on the basis of clarifying the scope of misdemeanor.From the perspective of substance,the decriminalization standards should be clarified,the punishment system should be improved by increasing the properness of applying pecuniary penalty and the accuracy of applying probation period,and the criminal record elimination system should be explored step by step starting from sealing records of misdemeanor offences of adults.From the perspective of procedure,two measures are proposed:Firstly,a mechanism to classify misdemeanor governance procedures should be established,the custodial compulsory measures should be applied cautiously,and the role of community correction should be fully played for misdemeanor cases that do not involve substantive punishment or cases where relative nonprosecution is applied according to the law;Secondly,rapid processing of misdemeanor cases should be realized,a system linking and supervising investigation,arrest,and prosecution of misdemeanors and a negotiation system of misdemeanor cases should be established,so that an all-round misdemeanor governance system covering the entire procedures of investigation,prosecution,and execution of judgment can be established.