国家重点生态功能区如何实现环境保护与经济发展的平衡

Achieving a Sustainable Balance:Strategies for Environmental Protection and Economic Development in Key National Ecological Function Zones

寻求环境保护与经济发展的平衡是经济学关注的重点问题。本文构建了简单的理论模型,提出实现环境保护与经济发展双赢的逻辑条件,并以国家重点生态功能区政策为准自然实验,采用双重差分法进行检验。研究发现:国家重点生态功能区政策显著促进了县域人均GDP和植被覆盖率。机制分析表明,空间利用效率提升、产业结构转型和中央转移支付是推动国家重点生态功能区县实现环境保护与经济发展协同的重要路径。该政策效应具有异质性,主要由生态环境保护的机会成本、经济发展方式的转型成本和中央转移支付的补偿效果综合决定。总之,本文的分析有助于县域在环境保护和经济发展方面寻找交集,探寻绿色高质量发展之路。

In China,it has become a social consensus that"natural waters"and"lush mountains"are invaluable assets,but few studies have examined their internal mechanism and conditions of realisation.This paper constructs a simple theoretical model,takes the national policy of key ecological function areas as a quasi-natural experiment and,using the difference-in-differences(DID)method,empirically examines its impact on regional economic development and environmental protection.Research reveals that national policy in key ecological function areas significantly promotes per capita GDP and vegetation coverage index in counties.The mechanism analysis shows that the improvement in the spatial utilisation efficiency,the transformation of the industrial structure and the central transfer payment are important paths to promote synergy between environmental protection and economic development in counties of the national key ecological function areas.The effect of this policy is heterogeneous and mainly determined by the combination of the opportunity cost of ecological environmental protection,the transformation cost of the economic development mode,and the compensatory effect of the central transfer payment.In short,the conclusion of this paper will help counties to find the intersection between environmental protection and economic development and explore the road to green and high-quality development.