政府治理与技术追赶:来自全球植物生物技术创新的证据

Government Governance and Technological Catch-up:Evidence from Global Plant Biotechnology Znnovation

如何促进技术创新并实现技术追赶始终是发展中国家面临的重要问题。本文基于1974—2019年全球41个国家25万余条植物生物技术专利文本数据,从政府效能和市场治理两个层面分析了政府治理对技术创新及追赶的影响,本文发现:(1)政府效能和市场治理对技术创新数量和质量均有显著的正向影响,但互为替代,其对作物育种技术的影响明显小于其他领域,表明作物育种领域技术创新和技术追赶更难发生;(2)政府治理可通过增加公共科研投资和强化知识产权保护来促进植物生物技术创新;(3)不同国家需要根据所处的追赶阶段对政府效能和市场治理进行调整以促进技术创新及追赶;(4)以中国为案例的合成控制法进一步检验了政府治理对技术创新及追赶的作用。本文对于中国及其他发展中国家根据不同追赶阶段相机而择地选择公共政策促进技术创新并实现技术追赶具有重要的现实意义。

How to promote technological innovation and achieve technological catch-up has always been an important issue in developing countries.Based on the text data of more than 250,000 plant biotechnology patents from 41 countries around the world from 1974 to 2019,this paper analyzes the impact of government governance on technological innovation and catch-up from the perspectives of government efficiency and market governance.This paper finds that:(1)Government efficiency and market governance have significant positive effects on the quantity and quality of technological innovation, but they are mutually substitutable.Their impact on crop breeding technology is significantly smaller than other fields, indicating that technological innovation and catch-up in crop breeding are more difficult to occur;(2)Government governance can promote plant biotechnology innovation by increasing public research investment and strengthening intellectual property protection;(3)Different countries need to adjust government efficiency and market governance according to their catch-up stage to promote technological innovation and catch-up;(4)The synthetic control method taking China as a case further examines the role of government governance on technological innovation and catch-up.This paper has important practical significance for China and other developing countries to choose public policies according to different stages of catch-up to promote technological innovation and achieve technological catch-up.