资本下乡与小农户的共赢路径及实现机制——以鲁东地区A村为例

The Win-win Pathway and Implementation Mechanism for Capital Infiltration into Rural Areas and Smallholder Farmers: A Case Study of Village A in East Shandong

资本下乡过程中,村社组织在推动下乡企业与小农户互惠共生路径建设方面扮演着关键角色。本文以A村党支部领办合作社的实践经验为切入点,从行动者网络中的“转译”视角,凝练出村社组织在转译企业和小农户过程中的三大作用机制,即政治赋能、制度嵌入和精英驱动。这些机制的发挥,使得村社组织在企业与小农户之间构建了以市场为关键点的“利益共享、风险共担”的合作关系,创造了企业和小农户双向借力的共生发展空间。尽管转译取得一定成就,但仍面临着制度结构的压制以及各行动主体间分化程度较高的挑战,本文认为应从以下方面推进资本下乡中行动者网络建设的实践:一是政府应适度放权赋能村社组织,增强其转译主体能动性;二是聚合多元主体共同利益,激发行动者的转译动力;三是强化双方共建共享理念,提高转译过程的稳定性。

During the process of capital infiltration into rural areas, village community organizations play a critical role in promoting a mutualistic and symbiotic relationship between enterprises venturing into the countryside and smallholder farmers.This paper uses the experience of the Party branch in Village A leading a cooperative as a starting point and, from the perspective of “translation” within the actor network, distills three main mechanisms by which village community organizations play a role in translating between enterprises and smallholder farmers.These are political empowerment, institutional embedding, and elite-driven operation.The functioning of these mechanisms enables village community organizations to construct a cooperative relationship between enterprises and smallholder farmers, characterized by “shared benefits and shared risks, ” with the market as a key point, and creating a symbiotic developmental space where both enterprises and smallholder farmers can leverage each other.Despite certain achievements in translation, there are still challenges posed by institutional structure suppression and high levels of differentiation among various actors.It should be approached from the following aspects to promote the practice of constructing actor networks in the process of capital going to the countryside: First, the government should moderately decentralize and empower village community organizations to enhance their agency in translation;Second, aggregating the common interests of diverse entities should be prioritized to stimulate the actors' motivation for translation;Third, the principle of mutual construction and sharing should be reinforced to improve the stability during the translation process.