“小田并大田”改革的生成逻辑、实践路向与政策价值——基于完善农村基本经营制度的视角

The Logic,Practice Direction and Policy Value of the"Land Consolidation"Reform——From the Perspective of Perfecting the Basic Rural Business Syst

当前阶段我国农村基本经营制度存在村集体“统”的职能发挥不充分、城镇化推动农户普遍“离农”“背农”、农地制度难以满足农业现代化的需要等问题与挑战。在建设农业强国与保障国家粮食安全的政策导向和人地分离第二次高峰的推动下,加之农村基本经营制度存在问题的拉动,“小田并大田”改革应运而生。本文在分析“小田并大田”改革形成动因与农村基本经营制度存在问题、制度框架的基础上,分析公安县“小田并大田”改革对完善农村基本经营制度的创新探索。本研究从制度、“分”、“统”三个层面展开分析,通过尊重农户意愿、开展调田并地、成立三类合作社的举措,解决了农户差异化诉求、农地细碎化和“统一”经营不足的问题,探索出完善农村基本经营制度新的实现形式。

At present,China's basic rural business system is challenged by problems such as the inadequate performance of the"unification"function of village collectives,urbanization pushing farming households away from farming,and the difficulty of the agricultural land system in meeting the needs of agricultural modernization.Driven by the policy orientation of building a strong agricultural country and guaranteeing national food security,as well as the second peak of the separation of human and land,and pulled by the problems of the basic rural business system,the reform of"land consolidation"came into being.On the basis of analyzing the motivation for the reform of"land consolidation"and the problems of the basic rural business system and the institutional framework,this paper analyzes the innovation and exploration of the reform of"land consolidation"in Gongan County to improve the basic rural business system.This study analyzes the three levels of system,"division"and"unification",and solves the problems of differentiated demands of farmers,fragmentation of farmland,and insufficient"unification"of management by respecting the wishes of farmers,carrying out land consolidation,and setting up three types of cooperatives,so as to explore new forms of realizing the improvement of the basic rural business system.