高中生愿望的潜在剖面分析及其预测因子

Latent profile analysis of aspirations of high school students and its predictors

目的 对高中生愿望进行人群划分,并分析性别、年级、上学方式、体像烦恼和社会媒体压力对高中生愿望潜在类别的预测效应。方法 采用方便抽样,抽取广东省与云南省共4所中学881名高中生,进行愿望指数、体像烦恼及社会媒体压力量表的测评,使用独立样本t检验、单因素方差分析、潜在剖面分析及多因素Logistic回归分析方法进行统计学处理。结果 (1)高中生愿望可划分为2个类型:类别1“低外部-中内部目标”(21.9%)与类别2“中外部-高内部目标”(78.1%)。(2)性别与年龄对愿望的潜在类别具有预测效应(β=0.623,P<0.01;β=0.407,P<0.05)。(3)媒体社会压力对愿望类别具有预测效应(β=0.056,P<0.01)。结论 高中生愿望具有显著的个体差异性与群体异质性。女生、年龄越大以及感知媒体压力越大的高中生,越有可能形成类别2型愿望--“中外部-高内部目标”。两类愿望的具体特征提示,内部、外部目标并不是“非此即彼”的关系,教育者可重点关注与引导两者之间的转化。

Objective To classify the aspirations of high school students and analyze the predictive effects of gender,grade level,boarding or not,body image depression(BID),and social media stress(SMS)on the latent categories of high school student aspirations.Methods A total of 881 high school students from 4 middle schools in Guangdong and Yunnan Province were selected by convenience sampling to evaluate the aspiration index(AI),BID,and SMS scale.Independent sample t test,one-way ANOVA,LPA and multiple Logistic regression analysis were used to process the data.Results The aspirations of high school students were divided into two categories:C1 aspirations"low extrinsic-medium intrinsic goals"(21.9%)and C2 aspirations"medium extrinsic-high intrinsic goals"(78.1%).②Gender and age had a significant predictive effects on the latent categories of aspirations,respectively(β=0.623,P<0.01;β=0.407,P<0.05).③Media social pressure also had a significant predictive effects on aspiration categories(β=0.056,P<0.01).Conclusion High school students'aspirations have significant individual variability and group heterogeneity.Girls,the older the students,and the more pressure the high school students feel from social media,are more likely to develop C2 aspirations:"medium extrinsic-high intrinsic goals".Thespecific characteristicsofthe two categories of aspirations suggest that intrinsic andextinsic goals arenot"oneorthe other"relationship,and that educators can focus on and guide the transformation between these two kinds of goals.