2017—2022年郑州地区首次献血者乙肝流行特征分析

Epidemic characteristics of hepatitis B among first-time blood donors in Zhengzhou from 2017 to 2022

目的了解郑州地区首次献血人群乙肝表面抗原血清标志物的流行状况,评价乙型肝炎防控效果,发现高危献血者,为制定防治策略提供依据。方法献血前对献血者采用金标试纸条法初筛乙肝表面抗原,将结果录入采供血统计软件,回顾性收集2017—2022年郑州地区献血人群资料,采用描述流行病学方法,对年份、季节、种类、性别、年龄、学历、职业以及民族进行统计,使用SPSS 19.0统计软件进行统计分析。结果2017—2022年郑州地区首次献血者共有770775人,乙肝表面抗原初筛阳性5348人,年均阳性率为0.69%,每年乙肝阳性率依次为0.96%、0.73%、0.65%、0.60%、0.57%、0.66%,且有逐年下降趋势;乙肝阳性率有明显的季节性,其中一季度(0.83%)和三季度(0.81%)高于其他季度;献全血者(0.69%)低于献单采血小板者(0.87%);男性(0.85%)高于女性(0.44%),阳性率以46~55岁最高(1.15%),其次是36~45岁(1.00%),18~25岁最低(0.42%),阳性率随年龄增长而增加;小学学历组阳性率最高(1.42%),其次是初中(1.11%),阳性率随学历升高而降低;农民阳性率最高(1.25%),其次是工人(0.95%);汉族阳性率(0.69%)低于少数民族(0.88%)。以上各组间阳性率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论郑州地区献血者乙肝感染率呈逐年下降趋势,属低度流行区,乙肝防控效果显著。献血人群感染乙肝危险因素与年龄、性别、职业以及学历等有关,献血应从学生、公务员、医生以及大专以上学历等低危人群进行招募,以减少输血感染乙肝风险。

Objective To investigate the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen serum markers among first-time blood donors in Zhengzhou,evaluate the prevention and control effect of hepatitis B,identify high-risk blood donors,and provide evidence for prevention and control strategies.Methods Before blood donation,hepatitis B surface antigen(HBAG)was initially screened by gold standard test strip method,and the results were recorded into the blood collection and supply statistical software.The data of blood donors in Zhengzhou from 2017 to 2022 were retrospectively collected,and the year,season,species,sex,age,education background,occupation and ethnicity were statistically analyzed by descriptive epidemiological methods.SPSS 19.0 statistical software was used for statistical analysis.Results From 2017 to 2022,there were 770775 first-time blood donors and 5348 hepatitis B surface antigen positive in Zhengzhou.The average annual positive rate was 0.69%,and the annual positive rate was 0.96%,0.73%,0.65%,0.60%,0.57%,0.66%,and there was a decreasing trend year by year.The positive rate of hepatitis B was seasonal,and the first quarter(0.83%)and third quarter(0.81%)were higher than other quarters.Those who donated whole blood(0.69%)were lower than those who donated platelets(0.87%).The positive rate of males(0.85%)was higher than that of females(0.44%).The highest positive rate was 46-55 years old(1.15%),followed by 36-45 years old(1.00%)and 18-25 years old(0.42%).The positive rate increased with age.The positive rate of primary school education group was the highest(1.42%),followed by junior high school(1.11%),and the positive rate decreased with the increase of educational background.Farmers had the highest positive rate(1.25%),followed by workers(0.95%).The positive rate of Han nationality(0.69%)was lower than that of minority nationality(0.88%).There were statistically significant differences in the positive rate among the above groups(P<0.O1).Conclusion The infection rate of hepatitis B among blood donors in Zhengzhou was decreasing year by year.It was a low epidemic area,and the prevention and control effect of hepatitis B was remarkable.The risk factors of hepatitis B infection in blood donors are related to age,gender,occupation and educational background,etc.Blood donors should be recruited from low-risk groups such as students,civil servants,doctors and college graduates to reduce the risk of hepatitis B infection through blood transfusion.