太极拳非物质文化遗产保护中的“公地悲剧”解释

The Explanatory Framework of"Tragedy of the Commons"in the Protection of Taijiquan Intangible Cultural Heritage

太极拳是人类生活实践的文明成果,太极拳作为非物质文化遗产,具有历史价值、养生价值、育人价值等,体现其价值是太极拳的存在意义。随着产业化发展,太极拳的价值也不断被挖掘,经济价值的凸显也将太极拳推向产业发展浪潮中,这不仅使利益主体与利益个体的诉求多元化,也导致太极拳资源体系出现“公地悲剧”现象。由于太极拳作为体育非物质文化遗产的保护存在特殊属性,文章从非物质文化遗产的保护视角,对太极拳保护中问题的表现特征以及保护现象进行解读,研究发现:太极拳非物质文化遗产保护问题的核心是多方利益主体诉求之间的矛盾,导致不断内耗资源,然而,政府为主导的公共管理对太极拳村落开发管理具有不可替代的作用,唤醒太极拳内在动力保护机制是现阶段太极拳非物质文化遗产保护的重要途径。

Taijiquan is a civilized achievement created in the practice of human life.As a Intangible cultural heritage,Taijiquan has historical value,health preservation value,education value,etc.It is also the significance of creating Taijiquan to play its value.With the development of industrialization,the value of Taijiquan has also been constantly excavated,and the prominence of economic value has also pushed Taijiquan into industrial development,which not only diversified the demands of interest subjects and interest individuals,but also led to the"Tragedy of the commons"phenomenon in the Taijiquan resource system.Because the protection of Intangible cultural heritage of Tajiquan has special attributes,this article,from the perspective of Intangible cultural heritage protection,interprets the characteristics of the problems in the protection of Taijiquan and the phenomena in the protection.The following conclusions are drawn:the core of the protection of Intangible cultural heritage of Taijiquan is the contradiction between the demands of multiple stakeholders,which leads to constant internal consumption of resources.However,the government led public management plays an irreplaceable role in the development and management of Taijiquan villages:.Awakening the protection mechanism of Tajiquans internal power is an important way to protect Intangible cultural heritage of Tajiquan at this stage.