影响中欧班列时效性的原因分析及改善对策

Analysis of the Reasons Affecting the Timeliness of China Railway Express and the Countermeasures for Improvement

2023年是“一带一路”倡议提出十周年,作为“一带一路”建设的重要平台,中欧班列以其强大的国际竞争力和良好的商誉度响彻全球,成为中国走出去的一张闪亮“名片”。随着中欧班列的蓬勃发展,尤其是新冠疫情以来空运运力不足和海运市场混乱,中欧班列运营时效性逐步下降,途中滞留问题日趋严重。滞留原因可分为:基础设施能力与运输需求不匹配、货主(发货人/收货人/代理人)原因、承运人原因、国家机关查验原因、机车车辆和集装箱技术状态不良原因、不可抗力等其他原因,其中基础设施能力与运输需求不匹配造成的滞留为主要原因。中欧班列在波兰、俄罗斯、哈萨克斯坦等国境内滞留原因与比例同我国类似,针对此问题各国均采取了一些解决措施。乌克兰危机后,中欧间的国际物流供应链呈现出新的发展形势,俄罗斯针对新形势调整了物流发展方向。铁路部门应从推动铁路合作组织成员国间加强合作、铁路与联检部门间开展合作、以可持续发展角度开展深入研究、加强行业将监管等方面提升中欧班列运行时效性。

The year of 2023 marked the tenth anniversary of the Belt and Road Initiative.As an important platform for the the Belt and Road Initiative,CR Express(China Railway Express)has become a shining"business card"for China going out with its strong international competitiveness and good reputation.With the flourishing development of CR Express,especially the lack of air transport capacity and the chaos of the maritime market since the COVID-19,the timeliness in operation of CR Express has gradually declined,and the problem of stranding of CR Express in transit has become increasingly serious.The reasons for stranding can be classified into such types as the mismatch between infrastructure and transportation demand,cargo owner(consignor/consignee/agent)reasons,carrier reasons,the reasons for national agency inspection,poor technical status of locomotives and containers,force majeure and other reasons.The main reason for stranding is the mismatch between infrastructure capacity and transportation demand.The reasons and proportion of CR Express stranding in Poland,Russia,Kazakhstan and other countries are similar to China's,and these countries have taken some measures to solve the problems.After the Ukraine crisis,the international logistics supply chain between China and Europe has shown a new development trend,and Russia has adjusted its logistics development direction in response to the new situation.The railway sector should strengthen cooperation among the member countries of OSJD,push forward the cooperation between railway and joint inspection departments,make in-depth research from the perspective of sustainable development,and enhance industry supervision to improve the timeliness of CR Express operation.