湖北省典型农村生活污水处理技术比选

Comparative Selection of Typical Rural Domestic Sewage Treatment Technology in Hubei Province

农村生活污水治理是攻坚战的一项重要任务。由于湖北省地形复杂、河流众多、农村人口居住分散,农村污水治理存在很多困难和问题,亟需探索适合的实用处理工艺和技术模式。该文利用SimaPro 9.0软件,对湖北省4种典型农村生活污水处理技术——人工湿地、厌氧-好氧工艺、膜生物反应器和生物接触氧化法(BCO)建立生命周期评价模型,对比各系统全生命周期内的环境影响,并结合成本分析为农村生活污水处理技术的择选提供决策依据。结果表明:呼吸无机物是最主要的环境影响类型,与原材料生产、运输过程涉及大量化石能源的使用有关;各系统的环境影响主要来自建设阶段(99%),经济成本主要来自运行阶段(80%);BCO是4种典型技术中低环境影响、低成本的最佳方案。基于评价结果,可通过清洁生产、降低能耗等措施改善处理技术对环境和经济的负面影响,促进农村水环境的可持续发展。

The treatment of rural domestic sewage is an important task in the pollution control battle.Due to the compli⁃cated terrain,numerous rivers and scattered rural population in Hubei Province,there are many difficulties and problems in rural sewage treatment,and it is urgent to explore suitable practical treatment processes and technical models.SimaPro 9.0 software was used to establish a life cycle assessment model for four typical rural domestic sewage treatment technol⁃ogies in Hubei Province,namely,constructed wetland,anoxy-aerobic process,membrane bioreactor and biological con⁃tact oxidation(BCO),and compare the environmental impacts of each system in the whole life cycle.Combined with the cost analysis,it provides the decision basis for the selection of rural domestic sewage treatment technology.The re⁃sults show that respiratory inorganic is the most important type of environmental impact,which is related to the use of fossil energy in the production and transportation of raw materials.The environmental impact of each system is mainly from the construction phase(99%),and the economic cost is mainly from the operation phase(80%).BCO is the best solution with low environmental impact and low cost among the four typical technologies.Based on the evaluation re⁃sults,the negative impact of treatment technology on environment and economy can be improved through measures such as cleaner production and reducing energy consumption,and the sustainable development of rural water environment can be promoted.