烟草与高粱轮作对烟叶产量、质量及经济效益的影响

Effects of Tobacco-Sorghum Rotation on the Yield,Quality,and Economic Benefit of Tobacco

通过湘烟7号、云烟87烟草品种与高粱轮作及烟草单种田间试验,对比烟草与高粱轮作与烟草单种对烟农经济收益及烟叶产量和品质的影响。结果表明:湘烟7号、云烟87与高粱轮作对烟草株高、有效叶片数、最大叶长和叶宽、单株最大叶面积影响不大,与对应的单种相近,但对最大单叶鲜重有明显的影响,轮作显著高于烟草单种;湘烟7号与高粱轮作的烟叶总糖、还原糖、糖碱比达到优质烟叶标准,而烟草单种未达到;云烟87与高粱轮作的烟叶总糖、还原糖、糖碱比、氮碱比均达到优质标准,单种烟叶的还原糖、糖碱比未达到;轮作的湘烟7号、云烟87上等烟叶比例分别为41.7%、48.3%,显著高于单种,中部上等烟叶的比例分别为33.65%、37.2%,显著高于单种的占比;烟草、高粱轮作与单种烟叶产量差异不显著,烟叶均价及产值差异显著;轮作收益远高于单种,湘烟7号轮作收益达到3243.26元/667m^(2),而单种只有176.65元/667m^(2);云烟87轮作收益达到3469.11元/667m^(2),单种仅为566.61元/667m^(2)。

Field experiments of tobacco('Xiangyan 7'or'Yunyan 87')-sorghum rotation and tobacco alone were carried out to study the effects of tobacco-sorghum rotation on the yield,quality,and economic benefit of tobacco.The results showed that tobacco('Xiangyan 7'or'Yunyan 87')-sorghum rotation had little effect on the plant height,effective leaf number,maximum leaf length and width,and maximum leaf area per plant of tobacco,which were similar to those of the treatment of tobacco alone.However,the rotation significantly increased the maximum single leaf fresh weight.The total sugar,reducing sugar,and sugar-to-nicotine ratio in the leaves of'Xiangyan 7'in rotation with sorghum reached the standards for high-quality tobacco,while those of'Xiangyan 7'planted alone did not meet the standards.The total sugar,reducing sugar,sugar-to-nicotine ratio,and nitrogen-to-nicotine ratio of'Yunyan 87'in rotation with sorghum met the high-quality standards,while the reducing sugar and sugar-to-nicotine ratio of'Yunyan 87'planted alone did not meet the standards.'Xiangyan 7'and'Yunyan 87'in rotation with sorghum showed the proportions of highquality tobacco leaves being 41.7%and 48.3%and the proportions of high-quality tobacco leaves in the middle being 33.65%and 37.2%,of tobacco respectively,which were significantly higher than those of the tobacco planted alone.There was no significant difference in the yield of tobacco between tobacco-sorghum rotation and tobacco alone,while the average price and output value of tobacco were significantly different between the two treatments.The income of tobacco-sorghum rotation was much higher than that of tobacco alone.Specifically,the incomes of'Xiangyan 7'and'Yunyan 87'in rotation with sorghum reached 48648.9 yuan/hm^(2) and 52036.65 yuan/hm^(2),respectively.However,the incomes of the two tobacco cultivars planted alone were only 2649.75 yuan/hm^(2) and 8499.15 yuan/hm^(2),respectively.