有机氮肥替代部分化学氮肥对水稻产量及稻米品质的影响

Effects of Partial Substitution of Organic Nitrogen Fertilizer for Chemical Nitrogen Fertilizer on Rice Yield and Quality

为评价有机肥替代化肥应用效果、制定合理培肥措施提供科学依据,通过田间定位监测,研究不同比例有机肥等氮替代化肥对土壤肥力、水稻产量和稻米品质的影响。试验地位于湖南省长沙县高桥镇湖南农科院科研试验基地,共设置单施化肥处理(NPK)、15%有机肥替代处理(15M)、30%有机肥替代处理(30M)、60%有机肥替代处理(60M)4个处理。水稻收获后,测定0~20 cm土层土壤p H、全氮、碱解氮、全磷、速效磷、全钾、有效钾含量和水稻产量与稻米品质。结果表明,各施肥处理年均产量表现为NPK<15M<30M<60M,60M显著高于NPK和15M,分别增产15.99%和8.71%;60M相比NPK提高了稻米胶稠度、直链淀粉和蛋白质含量,三者分别提高了4.72%、7.15%和10.67%。30M和60M增加了土壤全氮、有机质、碱解氮、速效磷和有效钾含量。有机氮肥部分替代化学氮肥通过提升土壤有机质、全氮含量促进水稻增产、改善稻米品质。本试验条件下以60%有机肥替代处理表现最好。

To evaluate the application effect of organic fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer and to provide scientific basis for formulating reasonable fertilizer cultivation measures,the effects of different proportions of organic fertilizer instead of nitrogen on soil fertility,rice yield and rice quality were studied by field location monitoring.The experiment site was located in the experimental base of Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Gaoqiao Town,Changsha County,Hunan Province,and four treatments were set up:NPK;15%organic fertilizer replacement treatment(15M);30%organic fertilizer replacement treatment(30M);60%organic fertilizer replacement treatment(60M).After rice harvest,soil pH,total nitrogen,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,total phosphorus,available phosphorus,total potassium,available potassium of 0-20 cm soil layer and rice yield and rice quality were measured.The results showed that the average annual yield followed the order of NPK<15M<30M<60M,the yield of 60M was significantly higher than that of NPK and 15M,increasing by 15.99%and 8.71%,respectively.Compared with NPK,60M increased rice gum consistency,amylose and protein content by 4.72%,7.15%and 10.67%,respectively.30M and 60M increased soil total nitrogen,organic matter,alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium contents.Partial substitution of organic nitrogen fertilizer for chemical nitrogen fertilizer could promote rice yield and improve rice quality by increasing soil organic matter and total nitrogen content.Under the experimental conditions,60%organic fertilizer was the best substitute treatment.