食管局部给药系统及评价方法的研究进展

Research Progress of Localized Esophageal Drug Delivery Systems and Evaluation Methods

当前,食管病变的治疗手段多为全身给药,通常存在疗效不佳、不良反应严重等缺点。局部给药可有效提高病灶部位的药物浓度,特别适合食管炎、食管癌及其他食管疾病的治疗。但食管给药面临诸多困难,其中主要是药物滞留时间短暂和难以渗入黏膜。近年来,多种用于食管局部给药的新型递送系统已被构建,以突破食管组织学和生理学上的递送难点,为相关疾病患者带来了新希望。该综述从食管的组织学和生理学特点入手,分析实现局部药物治疗的挑战,总结了口服制剂、食管支架和局部注射等给药方案及体内外评价方法的新进展,为食管局部给药系统的未来开发提供参考。

The current majority therapeutic approaches for esophageal diseases are systemic administrations,which often present disadvantages such as limited efficacy and significant adverse effects.Local administration can efficiently increase the concentration of drugs at the lesion sites,making it particularly suitable for the treatment of esophagitis,esophageal cancers,and other esophageal diseases.However,esophageal administration still faces numerous difficulties,the most significant of which are the short drug retention time and the difficulty of penetrating the mucosa.In recent years,various new delivery systems have been developed for localized esophageal drug delivery to overcome the challenges posed by esophageal histology and physiology,offering new hope for patients with related diseases.Based on the introduction of the histological and physiological features of the esophagus,this review analyzes the challenges of local drug therapy,summarizes the new progress in drug administration schemes like oral preparations,esophageal stents and local injections as well as the development of in vitro and in vivo evaluation methods,which provide some references for the further development of esophageal local drug delivery systems.