政策工具视角下职业教育产教融合立法路径分析

Analysis of the Legislative Paths for Industry-education Integration in Vocational Education from the Perspective of Policy Tools

产教融合是我国职业教育的基本特征。新形势下,我国经济体制改革、职业教育现代化建设与我国产业转型升级对产教融合提出了更高要求。政府干预是调整“市场失灵”的重要举措,良好的政策环境是产教融合健康发展的必要条件。本研究通过构建“政策内容—政策工具”分析框架对146份央地产教融合政策文本进行分析,得出以下结论:在政策内容上,校企合作占文本比重大,但在产权制度建设、激励举措等方面规定较为模糊;在政策工具的使用上,以权威型政策工具为主,但涉及企业等市场主体则以象征号召型政策工具为主,其中涉及企业办学的相关政策存在“责任不清”“义务不明”“激励不足”等问题。针对政策力度不足、相关规定缺乏法律支持等问题,亟待出台更强力政策的。2023年天津市颁布《职业教育产教融合促进条例》,通过法律手段对职业教育产教融合政策实践中产生的难点问题予以回应,为我国探索产教融合法制路径建设、促进区域职业教育产教融合政策体系完善贡献了“天津智慧”。

The industry-education integration is a basic feature of China's vocational education.Under the new situation,with the reform of China's economic system,the modernization of vocational education and the transformation and upgrading of China's industry,higher requirements have been put forward for the integration of industry and education:Government intervention is an important measure to adjust“market failure”,and a good policy environment is a necessary condition for the healthy development of the integration of industry and education.By constructing a“policy content-policy tool”analysis framework,146 central and regional industry-education integration policy texts were analyzed.The following conclusions are drawn:In terms of policy content,schoolenterprise cooperation accounts for a large proportion of the text,but the provisions on property rights system construction and incentive measures are relatively vague;in terms of the use of policy tools,authoritative policy tools are the main ones,but when it comes to market entities such as enterprises,symbolic call-to-action policy tools are mainly used.Among them,policies related to corporate school running have“unclear responsibilities”“unclear obligations”and“insufficient incentives”and other issues.In view of problems such as insufficient policy strength and lack of legal support for relevant regulations,more powerful policies are urgently needed.In 2023,Tianjin promulgated the“Regulations on the Promotion of the Integration of Industry and Education in Vocational Education”to respond to difficult issues arising from the implementation of the industry-education integration policy in vocational education through legal means.It has contributed“Tianjin wisdom”to China's exploration of the legal paths for the integration of industry and education and the improvement of the policy system for the industry-education integration in regional vocational education.