选择职业教育还是普通教育?——基于收入和就业质量的视角

Choose Vocational Education or General Education?——From the Perspective of Income and Employment Quality

选择职业教育还是普通教育,不仅是个人教育的重要选择,也是国家教育结构改革的重要依据。基于CGSS混合截面数据的研究发现:在中等教育阶段,职业教育更能提升劳动者的收入和就业质量,其收入约比中等普通教育高7.46%,且农村户籍和家庭处于较低阶层的弱势群体更多的从中等职业教育中获益;而在高等教育阶段,职业教育劳动者的收入比普通教育低28.7%。但从普职教育相对回报的历史演变来看,中等职业教育的收入优势随着出生年代的推移不断下降;而高等职业教育的收入劣势不断缩小,甚至出现反超高等普通教育之势。因此,可将高等职业教育作为发展重点,建立“双轨制”的教育体系,促进我国教育事业高质量发展。

Choose vocational education or general education? It is not only a choice for personal education,but also an important basis for the reform of education structure.The research based on the mixed cross-section data of CGSS finds that in the stage of secondary education,vocational education can improve the income and employment quality of workers,whose income is about 7.46% higher than that of secondary general education,and vulnerable groups with rural registered residence and lower class benefit more from secondary vocational education;In the higher education stage,the income of vocational education workers is 28.7% lower than that of general education.However,from the perspective of historical evolution,the income advantage of secondary vocational education continues to decline,and the income disadvantage of higher vocational education continues to shrink,and there is even a trend of anti-surpassing higher general education.Therefore,higher vocational education can be regarded as the focus of vocational education development,and a “dualtrack” education system should be established to promote high-quality development of China's education system.