行政许可告知承诺制合法性困境的调适

Adjustment of Dilemma of Legality of Administrative License Notification and Commitment System

作为“放管服”改革的最新成果,行政许可告知承诺制对于提高政府效能、提升市场活力具有重要作用。然而,行政许可告知承诺制与《行政许可法》的法定行政许可程序存在一定的制度冲突,产生了合法性困境,亟需相应调适。在制度逻辑上,行政许可告知承诺制提供了特别的许可监管理念、风险分配模式和监管资源分配方案,相对于传统行政许可程序具有特殊性。在规范逻辑上,行政许可告知承诺审查程序具有特定程序标的和特殊程序机制,与现有行政许可审查特别程序共享相似的程序逻辑,因此并不属于一般程序、简易程序,而应被视为新的行政许可审查特别程序。行政许可告知承诺核查程序吸纳并超越了现有行政许可核查程序的内容,在时间上前置于现有的日常监管程序,应视为事后监管特别程序。锚定行政许可告知承诺制与《行政许可法》的关系有利于加强行政许可告知承诺制实施的合法性,同时促进《行政许可法》的理念革新。今后可以考虑修改《行政许可法》,将行政许可告知承诺制视为一种新的行政许可特别程序,具体包含事前审查程序、事后核查程序、程序期限和退出机制。

As a new force in the“ reform of government functions”,the administrative licensing notification commitment system plays an important role in improving government efficiency and enhancing market vitality.However,it encounters a legitimacy dilemma due to conflicts with the traditional administrative licensing procedures stipulated in the Administrative Licensing Law,thus necessitating corresponding adjustments.In terms of institutional logic,the notification commitment system provides unique concepts of licensing supervision,risk allocation models,and regulatory resource allocation schemes,which are distinct from traditional administrative licensing procedures.However,in terms of normative logic,the notification commitment review process has specific procedural objectives and unique procedural content,sharing a common procedural logic with existing special administrative licensing review procedures.Therefore,it should not be classified as general or simplified procedures but rather as a new special licensing review procedure;the notification commitment verification process incorporates and surpasses the content of existing licensing verification procedures,occurring temporally before existing routine regulatory procedures,and should be regarded as a special post-supervision procedure.To enhance the legitimacy of implementing the notification commitment system and promote the conceptual innovation of the Administrative Licensing Law,it may be considered to amend the law,recognizing the notification commitment system as a new special administrative licensing procedure.This would include specific provisions for pre-formal review procedures,post-verification procedures,procedural deadlines,and exit mechanisms.