剥削性滥用的法律分析逻辑迷思与数字剥削性滥用的调适

Logical Myths of Legal Analysis of Exploitative Abuse and the Adjustment of Digital Exploitative Abuse

剥削性滥用是滥用市场支配地位的典型形式之一。当前理论与实务界多主张对剥削性滥用适用竞争损害理论,以排除、限制竞争效果为基础搭建其法律分析框架。从现实角度看,这虽然考虑了《反垄断法》竞争损害原则约束、剥削性滥用认定的现实困境以及排他性滥用作为优先执法事项的传统,但是从竞争损害理论的适用前提上看,有一些市场天然不存在竞争,导致不可能存在排除、限制竞争效果;从适用对象上看,基于效能竞争、价格要素的竞争损害理论无法解释没有价格衡量交易公平性的新型数字剥削的损害生成问题。这不仅不能还原数字剥削性滥用行为的本真,还会导致反垄断执法结构失衡、反垄断执法效能低下、反垄断法多元价值彰显不足等问题。确立反垄断损害“二分说”,回归剥削性滥用的损害本质,重塑剥削性滥用法律分析逻辑,并对数字经济领域不同场景反垄断损害的裁量因素作出相应调整,应是重塑数字剥削性滥用反垄断规制理论的有效途径。

Exploitative abuse is one typical form of abusing dominant market position.Currently,both theoretical and practical circles advocate applying the theory of anticompetitive harm to analyze exploitative abuse,with the aim of establishing a legal framework based on the exclusion or restriction of competition.Although this approach takes into account the constraints of the antitrust principle of competition harm,the practical difficulties in identifying exploitative abuse,and the traditional prioritization of exclusive abuse as an enforcement priority,there are some inherent limitations when it comes to the premises of applying the theory of competition harm.In certain markets,competition does not naturally exist,making it impossible to have exclusion or restriction of competition effects.Moreover,when considering the applicable scope,the theory of competition harm based on efficiency competition and price factors fails to explain the generation of harm caused by new types of digital exploitation,where there is no pricing mechanism to assess transaction fairness.This not only fails to capture the essence of exploitative abusive behavior in the digital realm,but also leads to imbalances in antitrust enforcement structure,ineffective antitrust enforcement,and inadequate manifestation of the multiple values of antitrust law.Establishing a dichotomy of antitrust harm,focusing on the inherent nature of exploitative abuse,reshaping the logical analysis of exploitative abuse in legal terms,and making appropriate adjustments to the discretion factors in different scenarios of antitrust harm in the digital economy,should be an effective approach to reshape the theoretical framework of antitrust regulation for digital exploitative abuse.