博物馆建构国家认同的角色定位和实现路径

The Realization Path and Role Definition in Museum Building National Identity

博物馆的一个重要价值目标是认同建构。各国博物馆在走向公共化和建构国家民族认同方面拥有不同的发展路径。数字技术推动了认同建构的普遍性与特殊性、共同性与差异性等需求的平衡。博物馆对国家认同的建构以实物资料的收集与整理为基础。利用艺术化、情节化、关联化等处理方式,实现观众不断接触集体文化和国家民族元素的社会化目的,阐释多维信息,形成认同叙事,建立认同话语。博物馆既展现了政治认同所需的集体记忆立场与裁决,也融合了感性的生活化教育,从而增强了公众的审美体验,以及情感层面的认同驱动、选择和矫正,最终使其回归认知理性和实践理性,达到持续性认同维护的目标。

The positive effect of museums on society can be condensed into a common value goal,that is,the construction of"identity."Museums in various countries have different paths in terms of going to the public and building national identity.Digital media also promotes the balance of universality and particularity,commonality and diversity of national identity construction.Identity construction in museums is based on the collection and arrangement of physical materials.By means of aethsetic,contextualized and associative treatment,the visitors can realize the socialization purpose of constantly contacting the collective culture and national elements,interpret multi-dimensional information,form identity discourse.Museums not only display the collective memory and judgment required by political identity,but also integrate the perceptual life education.Thus,the public's aesthetic experience,as well as the identification formation,selection and correction at the emotional level,will be enhanced,and finally return to cognitive rationality and practical rationality,so as to achieve the goal of sustainable identification maintenance.