交互主体性思想的演进与文学的主体间性

The Evolution of the Idea of Interactive Subjectivity and the Intersubjectivity of Literature

胡塞尔提出交互主体性理论是为了解决他人经验的明见性,却为关联与沟通文学活动的各个环节提供了依据,推动了文学阅读中作者与读者的互动研究以及文学意义生成机制的探讨。而舍勒、许茨等人对他者的我以及主我、客我的探讨和本维尼斯特对人称的研究标志着交互主体性思想在社会学、语言学领域的拓展,启发了文学理论界关于隐含作者、叙事聚焦以及共鸣等的研究。列维纳斯对绝对他者的研究与文化研究中关于性别他者、种族他者等的研究相互呼应。交互主体性思想的演进揭示了自我与他者之间的张力,也通向了物间性研究,对西方文学理论产生深刻的影响,也必将对我国文学理论研究与文学批评提供有益的借鉴。

Husserl proposed the theory of interactional subjectivity to address the explicitness of the experience of others,but provided a basis for relating and communicating the various aspects of literary activity,promoting the study of the interaction between the author and the reader in the reading of literature as well as the exploration of the mechanism of generating literary meaning.And Scherer,Schütz and others' explorations of the other I,as well as the subject and object I,and Benveniste's study of personification marked the expansion of the idea of interactional subjectivity in the fields of sociology and linguistics,inspiring the study of implied authorship,narrative focus,and empathy in the field of literary theory.Levinas' s study of the Absolute Other echoes the study of the gender other,the racial other,and so on in cultural studies.The evolution of the idea of interactive subjectivity reveals the tension between the self and the other,and also leads to the study of inter-objectivity,which has had a profound impact on Western literary theory and will certainly provide useful reference for the study of literary theory and criticism in China.