711名儿童患者输血反应回顾性分析

Transfusion reactions in 711 pediatric patients:a retrospective analysis

目的分析儿童患者输血反应的特征及相关影响因素,为临床应对和预防输血反应提供依据。方法以苏州大学附属儿童医院2019—2023年接受输血治疗的患儿作为研究对象,回顾性研究期间输血反应发生率、反应类型、发生时间及相关影响因素。结果2019—2023年本院共计输血69926人次,发生输血反应711例,输血反应发生率为1.02%。2019年(1.89%)至2022年(0.50%),输血反应发生率在逐年降低。按输注的血液成分来看,输注单采血小板、冰冻血浆、悬浮少白细胞红细胞和冷沉淀凝血因子的输血反应发生率分别为2.16%(551/25565)、0.50%(92/18277)、0.25%(65/25679)和0.74%(3/405),且相比于其他血液成分,输注单采血小板有更高的不良反应发生率,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。按输血反应类型来看,过敏反应占比86.22%(613/711),非溶血性发热反应(febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reaction,FNHTR)占比13.08%(93/711),急性溶血性输血反应占比0.70%(5/711),且多因素Logistic回归分析显示输注单采血小板是发生过敏反应的独立危险因素(P<0.05),而输注悬浮少白细胞红细胞是发生FNHTR的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。按输血反应发生时间来看,相比于单采血小板和冰冻血浆,输注悬浮少白细胞红细胞引发的输血反应的发生时间更晚(单采血小板P<0.05,冰冻血浆P<0.05)。结论输注的血液成分是患儿输血反应特征的重要影响因素,可以影响输血反应的发生率、反应类型和发生时间,为临床应对和预防输血反应提供了案例参考与理论指导。

Objective To analyze the characteristics and related influencing factors of transfusion reactions in pediatric patients at Children′s Hospital of Soochow University from 2019 to 2023,so as to provide evidence for clinical treatment and prevention of transfusion reactions.Methods A retrospective study was conducted on children who received blood transfusions at our hospital from 2019 to 2023 in terms of the incidence,types,time of occurrence,and related influencing factors of transfusion reactions.Results A total of 69926 transfusions were performed from 2019 to 2023,with 711 cases of transfusion reactions,resulting in an incidence of 1.02%.The incidence of transfusion reactions decreased annually from 2019(1.89%)to 2022(0.50%).The incidence of transfusion reactions to apheresis platelets,frozen plasma,suspended leukocyte-depleted red blood cells and cryoprecipitate coagulation factor were 2.16%(551/25565),0.50%(92/18277),0.25%(65/25679)and 0.74%(3/405),respectively,with apheresis platelet transfusion of a significantly higher incidence compared to other blood components(P<0.05).As of transfusion reaction types,allergic reactions accounted for 86.22%(613/711),febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reactions(FNHTR)accounted for 13.08%(93/711),and acute hemolytic transfusion reactions accounted for 0.70%(5/711).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that apheresis platelet transfusion was an independent risk factor for allergic reactions(P<0.05),while suspended leukocyte-depleted red blood cells transfusion was an independent risk factor for FNHTR(P<0.05).In terms of the occurrence time of transfusion reactions,compared to apheresis platelets and frozen plasma,transfusion reactions caused by suspended leukocyte-depleted red blood cells transfusion occurred later(apheresis platelets P<0.05,frozen plasma P<0.05).Conclusion The results suggest that blood components transfused are significant influencing factors for the characteristics of transfusion reactions in pediatric patients,affecting the incidence,types,and occurrence time of transfusion reactions,which provides reference for clinical treatment and prevention of transfusion reactions.