碳基材料的Z型和S型异质结光催化清洁能源综述

A review of carbon material-based Z-scheme and S-scheme heterojunctions for photocatalytic clean energy generation

碳纳米管/纳米纤维、石墨烯、氧化石墨烯、还原氧化石墨烯、石墨炔、碳量子点和富勒烯等炭材料因具有高导电性、优异的稳定性和生物相容性等独特性能,近年来受到广泛关注。在炭材料中构建Z型和S型异质结已成为在能量转换应用中提高光催化效率的一种有效策略。本文综述了光催化制氢和CO_(2)还原等清洁能源的基本原理,阐述了它们各自的机理和优势。此外,还讨论了不同类型的炭材料以及其中Z型和S型异质结的合成和构建,强调了它们在促进电荷分离、减少光生载流子复合损失和扩大光谱响应范围方面的作用。以太阳能燃料生产为重点,讨论和总结了碳基Z型和S型异质结在光催化制氢和还原CO_(2)方面的最新进展。最后,讨论了目前碳基光催化剂领域的瓶颈和挑战,并对该领域的未来发展提出了有价值的见解。

Carbon materials,including carbon nanotubes/nanofibers,graphene,graphene oxide,reduced graphene oxide,graphyne,graphdiyne,carbon quantum dots and fullerenes,have received considerable attention in recent years because of their unique properties such as high conductivity,excellent stability and biocompatibility.The integration of these materials into Z-scheme and S-scheme heterojunctions has emerged as a transformative strategy to increase their photocatalytic efficiency for energy conver-sion applications.We first consider the fundamental principles of clean energy generation such as photocatalytic H2 generation and CO_(2) reduction,elucidating their respective mechanisms and advantages.Various types of carbon materials,their synthesis and con-struction of Z-scheme and S-scheme heterojunctions are then discussed,emphasizing their role in promoting charge separation,redu-cing recombination losses and extending the spectral response range.With a focus on solar energy production,recent advances in carbon-based Z-scheme and S-scheme heterojunctions are discussed and summarized for photocatalytic H2 generation and CO_(2) re-duction.Lastly,the current problems in the field of carbon-based photocatalysts are discussed with insights for the future develop-ment of this field.