海水提铀吸附材料及官能团配位机理研究进展

Advances in Adsorption Materials and Coordination Mechanism of Functional Groups for Uranium Extraction from Seawater

铀是核工业发展中最重要的元素之一,但陆地铀资源有限难以满足核工业的发展需求,而海水中蕴含着丰富的铀资源,因此如何从海水中提取铀备受关注.然而由于海水条件复杂且铀浓度极低,从海水中提取铀面临着很多挑战,国内外诸多学者对此进行了大量研究,目前已经开发出多种分离富集方法,其中吸附法已被较广泛应用于海水提铀中.本综述重点介绍了近年来开发的海水提铀吸附材料,包括无机材料、有机材料、无机−有机杂化材料,主要从材料的吸附能力、选择性、抗菌性、稳定性、可回收性以及制备成本等方面进行分析,另外对偕胺肟和羧基等典型官能团以及近年来报道的其他代表性官能团与铀酰离子的配位机理进行总结分析,同时对未来海水提铀材料的发展进行了展望.

Uranium is one of the most important elements in the development of nuclear industry.However,terrestrial uranium resources are limited and difficult to meet the development needs.Since seawater is rich in uranium resources(about 4.5×10^(9) t),which is more than one thousand times of the known terrestrial uranium resources,how to extract uranium resources from seawater has attracted much attention.However,uranium exists in seawater in the stable carbonate of[UO_(2)(CO_(3))_(3)]^(4−),which has a very low concentration of 3.3μg/L,and the competitive ions especially for vanadium ions and biological contamination are serious obstacles to the extraction of uranium.Because of these complicated conditions of seawater and the extremely low concentration of uranium,uranium extraction from seawater faces many challenges.Many researchers have carried out a lot of studies,and various methods have been developed for the extraction of uranium from seawater.Among them,the adsorption method has been widely used in the extraction of uranium from seawater.This review focuses on the adsorption materials developed in recent years for uranium extraction from seawater,including inorganic materials,organic materials,inorganic-organic hybrid materials,and analyzes their advantages and disadvantages of the materials in terms of their adsorption capacity,selectivity,antimicrobial properties,stability,and recyclability.At the same time,the coordination mechanism of the typical functional groups such as amidoxime and carboxyl groups as well as other representative functional groups reported in recent years toward uranyl cations have been summarized,and the results show that in addition to amidoxime,other functional groups such as pentadentate chelating ligands also have good affinities for uranyl cations.Besides,the future development of uranium extraction materials from seawater is also prospected.This review is expected to improve our current understanding of the interaction mechanism of functional groups toward uranyl cations,and provide references for the development of efficient materials for uranium extraction from seawater.