γ射线辐照合成草甘膦异丙胺盐缓释剂及其性能

Synthesis and properties of a glyphosate isopropylamine salt slow-release agent via γ-ray irradiation

为提高农药利用率,减少农药使用量,有效解决农药对环境造成的不良影响,本研究采用辐照处理一步法对淀粉改性制得一种载体材料,通过负载草甘膦异丙胺盐后得到草甘膦异丙胺盐缓释剂。利用扫描电镜、红外光谱对缓释剂的形貌特征及结构组成进行表征,并探究了不同载药体系的缓释性能、表面张力及除草活性。相比于未负载的和凹凸棒土负载的草甘膦异丙胺盐,在720min时缓释剂的释放速率分别减缓了44.00%和20.45%;凹凸棒土负载的草甘膦异丙胺盐释放达平衡时间为1440min,而缓释剂为1700min。通过动力学分析拟合,草甘膦异丙胺盐释放曲线的First-order模型的相关系数R2在0.9566~0.9972,拟合度较高。进一步对比除草活性发现,草甘膦异丙胺盐缓释剂对稗草具有更优异的防治效果。综上所述,通过辐照制备载体材料的方法简单高效、节能环保,在此基础上合成的草甘膦异丙胺盐缓释剂具有良好的缓释性能及除草活性,为开发农药缓释剂提供了一种新方法。

To improve the rate of pesticide utilization,reduce pesticide usage,and effectively eliminate the adverse effects of pesticides on the environment,a carrier material was prepared by modifying starch using a one-step irradiation treatment.This carrier material was subsequently loaded with glyphosate isopropylamine salt to synthesize a glyphosate isopropylamine salt slow-release agent.The morphology and composition of this slow-release agent were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy,and the slow-release performance,surface tension,and herbicidal activity of the different drug-loaded systems were also examined.Compared with the unloaded and attapulgite-loaded glyphosate isopropylamine salts,the rate of release obtained using the slow-release agent was reduced by 44.00% and 20.45% at 720 min,respectively.The release equilibrium time of the attapulgite-loaded glyphosate isopropylamine salt was 1440 min,whereas that of the slow-release agent was 1700 min.Based on the kinetic analysis and fitting,the first-order model correlation coefficient R2 of the glyphosate isopropylamine salt release curve ranged from 0.9566 to 0.9972,indicating that the fitting accuracy was high.Furthermore,a comparison of herbicidal activities showed that this glyphosate isopropylamine salt slow-release agent exhibited an improved control effect on barnyard grasses.In summary,the method for obtaining carrier materials by irradiation is simple,efficient,energy-saving,and environmentally friendly.The glyphosate isopropylamine salt slow-release agent synthesized based on this exhibited favorable slow-release performance and herbicidal activity,providing a new approach for the development of slow-release pesticides.