2012—2021年我国医疗卫生资源配置的空间差异与动态演变

Spatial differences and dynamic evolution of allocation of healthcare resources in China,2012-2021

目的分析我国医疗卫生资源配置的空间差异和动态演进情况。方法利用2012—2021年我国31个省份(直辖市、自治区)的医疗卫生资源数据,评价指标选取医疗卫生财力、物力、人力和服务资源的4项指标:人均卫生费用、每千人医疗卫生机构数、每千人卫生技术人员数和医师每日担负诊疗人次数,使用全局熵值法计算各省历年配置水平指数,应用Dagum基尼系数和核密度估计方法分析我国医疗卫生资源配置水平的区域差异和动态演进特征。结果Dagum基尼系数结果显示,2012—2021年间我国医疗卫生资源配置水平基尼系数由0.1805上升至0.1972,后波动下降至0.1187。核密度估计结果显示,核密度曲线中心位置随年份的增加从0.2左右逐渐右移,稳定在0.3左右。结论我国医疗资源配置水平逐年提高,资源配置空间总体差距整体上逐年缩小。各地区仍存在不平衡的发展现状和差异化的资源配置水平,影响总体区域差距的主要因素是区域间差距。

Objective To analyze spatial differences and dynamic evolution of allocation of healthcare resources in China.Methods The Dagum Gini coefficient and kernel density estimation methods were used to explore the spatial differences and dynamic evolution of allocation of China′s healthcare resources based on the data of 31 provinces,municipalities as well as autonomous regions from 2012 to 2021.Four indicators representing medical and health financial,material,human,and service resources were selected:health expenditure per capita,number of medical institutions per 1000,number of health technicians per 1000,and average patient load per physician per day.The global entropy method was used to calculate the resource allocation level index of provinces over the years.Results The Dagum Gini coefficient showed that from 2012 to 2021,the Gini coefficient of China′s healthcare resources allocation increased from 0.1805 to 0.1972,and then decreased to 0.1187.The kernel density estimation results showed that the center position of the kernel density curve gradually shifted to the right from about 0.2 with the increase of years,and stabilized at about 0.3.Conclusions The level of healthcare resources allocation is increasing year by year in China,and the overall gap in healthcare resource allocation space is narrowing year by year.There are still unbalanced development status and differentiated resource allocation level in each region,and the main factor affecting the overall regional gap is the gap between regions.