基于“寒主收引”理论探讨温肾通络法对肾阳虚型糖尿病肾病患者肾纤维化的影响

Exploration of the Effect of Kidney-Warming and Collateral-Unblocking Therapy on Renal Fibrosis in Patients with Diabetic Nephropathy of Kidney-Yang Deficiency Type Based on the Theory of Cold Inducing Contraction

【目的】基于“寒主收引”理论探讨温肾通络法对肾阳虚型糖尿病肾病(DN)患者肾纤维化的影响。【方法】通过便利抽样法,选取西安交通大学医院2020年12月至2022年12月接诊的116例肾阳虚型DN患者进行回顾性研究,根据治疗方法的不同将其分为观察组和对照组,每组各58例。对照组给予常规西药治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上给予温肾通络方治疗,疗程为8周。观察2组患者治疗前后中医证候积分、血糖指标[空腹血糖(FPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、餐后2 h血糖(2hPG)]、肾纤维化指标[Ⅳ型胶原(IV-C)、Ⅲ型前胶原(PCIII)、透明质酸(HA)、层粘连蛋白(LN)]、血清炎性因子指标[肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)]、肾功能指标[血肌酐(Scr)、尿素氮(BUN)]以及24 h尿蛋白定量(24h Upro)值的变化情况,比较2组患者的临床疗效和不良反应总发生率。【结果】(1)疗效方面,治疗8周后,观察组的总有效率为94.83%(55/58),对照组为75.86%(44/58),组间比较(χ^(2)检验),观察组的疗效明显优于对照组(P<0.01)。(2)中医证候积分方面,治疗后,2组患者的腰膝酸冷、肢体浮肿、神疲畏寒、夜尿增多等中医证候积分均较治疗前下降(P<0.05),且观察组的下降幅度均明显优于对照组(P<0.01)。(3)血糖指标方面,治疗后,2组患者的FPG、HbA1c、2hPG水平均较治疗前下降(P<0.05),且观察组的下降幅度均明显优于对照组(P<0.01)。(4)肾纤维化指标方面,治疗后,2组患者的血清Ⅳ-C、PCⅢ、HA、LN水平均较治疗前下降(P<0.05),且观察组的下降幅度均明显优于对照组(P<0.01)。(5)血清炎性因子方面,治疗后,2组患者的血清TNF-α、hs-CRP、IL-1β水平均较治疗前下降(P<0.05),且观察组的下降幅度均明显优于对照组(P<0.01)。(6)肾功能指标方面,治疗后,2组患者的血清Scr、BUN水平和24h Upro值均较治疗前明显下降(P<0.05),且观察组的下降幅度均明显优于对照组(P<0.01)。(7)安全性方面,观察组的不良反应总发生率为3.45%(2/58),对照组为8.62%(5/58),组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。【结论】基于“寒主收引”理论的自拟方温肾通络方可有效缓解肾阳虚型DN患者腰膝酸冷等症状,改善肾纤维化及肾功能,降低血糖值,减轻炎症反应,且治疗期间患者未出现严重不良反应,安全有效。

Objective To explore the effect of kidney-warming and collateral-unblocking therapy on renal fibrosis in patients with diabetic nephropathy(DN)of kidney-yang deficiency type based on the theory of cold inducing contraction.Methods A retrospective study was conducted in 116 patients with DN of kidney-yang deficiency type who were admitted to Xi’an Jiaotong University Hospital from December 2020 to December 2022 by convenient sampling method.According to the treatment methods,the patients were divided into observation group and control group,with 58 cases in each group.The control group was treated with conventional western medicine,and the observation group was treated with the decoction of Wenshen Tongluo Prescription orally on the basis treatment for the control group.The course of treatment covered 8 weeks.Before and after treatment,the two groups were observed in the changes of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome scores,blood glucose indicators of fasting plasma glucose(FPG),glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c)and 2-hour postprandial blood glucose(2hPG),renal fibrosis indicators of typeⅣcollagen(Ⅳ-C),typeⅢprocollagen(PCⅢ),hyaluronic acid(HA)and laminin(LN),serum inflammatory factor indicators of tumor necrosis factorα(TNF-α),hypersensitive C-reactive protein(hs-CRP)and interleukin 1β(IL-1β),and renal function indicators of serum creatinine(Scr)and blood urea nitrogen(BUN),and 24-hour urinary protein quantification(24h Upro).After treatment,the clinical efficacy and total incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.Results(1)After 8 weeks of treatment,the total effective rate of the observation group was 94.83%(55/58),and that of the control group was 75.86%(44/58).The intergroup comparison(tested by chi-square test)showed that the curative effect of the observation group was significantly superior to that of the control group(P<0.01).(2)After treatment,the scores of TCM symptoms of soreness and coldness of waist and knees,limb edema,fatigue and aversion to cold,and nocturnal polyuria in the two groups were lower than those before treatment(P<0.05),and the decrease in the observation group was significantly superior to that in the control group(P<0.01).(3)After treatment,the levels of blood glucose indicators of FPG,HbA1c and 2hPG in the two groups were lower than those before treatment(P<0.05),and the decrease in the observation group was significantly superior to that in the control group(P<0.01).(4)After treatment,the serum levels of renal fibrosis indicators ofⅣ-C,PCⅢ,HA and LN in the two groups were lower than those before treatment(P<0.05),and the decrease in the observation group was significantly superior to that in the control group(P<0.01).(5)After treatment,the serum levels of inflammatory factors of TNF-α,hs-CRP and IL-1βin the two groups were decreased when compared with those before treatment(P<0.05),and the decrease in the observation group was more significant than that in the control group(P<0.01).(6)After treatment,the serum levels of renal function indicators of Scr,BUN and 24h Upro in the two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment(P<0.05),and the decrease in the observation group was significantly superior to that in the control group(P<0.01).(7)The total incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was 3.45%(2/58),and that in the control group was 8.62%(5/58).There was no significant difference between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion Wenshen Tongluo Prescription formulated according to the theory of cold inducing contraction can effectively alleviate the symptoms such as soreness and coldness of waist and knees in DN patients with kidney-yang deficiency syndrome,improve renal fibrosis and renal function,decrease blood glucose level,and alleviate the inflammatory response.During the treatment period,there are no serious adverse reactions occurring in the patients,indicating that the therapy is safe and effective.