大荚大粒鲜食大豆新品种‘兴化豆5号’的选育及特征特性

A New Fresh Soybean Variety with Big-pods and Big-grain‘Xinghuadou 5’:Breeding and Characteristics

本研究旨在开发适合福建省及其相似生态区种植条件的高产优质鲜食大豆新品种,以促进地区内品种更新、提高产业效率,并支持乡村振兴计划。通过使用‘浙98002’作为母本和‘毛豆389’作为父本进行杂交,采用系谱选择法成功培育出优良品种‘兴化豆5号’。该品种于2020年入选参加福建省鲜食大豆区域试验。在2020—2021年的两年区域试验中,‘兴化豆5号’表现出色,平均鲜荚产量达到11522.7 kg/hm^(2),比对照品种‘毛豆3号’(CK)增产5.67%。其标准荚产量为8261.7 kg/hm^(2),较‘毛豆3号’(CK)增产5.11%,且标准荚率为71.70%。‘兴化豆5号’以其大荚大粒特性及清煮后香甜柔糯的口感而受到好评,属于中晚熟型鲜食大豆品种,适宜于福建省春季播种。2022年7月,‘兴化豆5号’经过福建省农作物品种审定委员会的审定。这一研究成果预示着福建省及类似生态区鲜食大豆种植业的一大步前进,有望为当地农业发展带来积极影响。

The purpose of this experiment was to cultivate new varieties of high-quality fresh soybean suitable for planting in Fujian and similar ecological regions,accelerate the replacement of old varieties,promote the efficient development of the industry,and help the revitalization of rural industries.With‘Zhe 98002’as the female parent and‘Maodou 389’as the male parent,the excellent new variety‘Xinghuadou 5’was selected and bred by pedigree method,and it was recommended to participate in the regional trial of fresh soybean varieties in Fujian Province in 2020.Results of regional trials in 2020-2021 showed that the average yield of fresh pods of‘Xinghuadou 5’was 11522.7 kg/hm^(2),which was 5.67%higher than that of‘Maodou 3’(CK).The yield of standard pods was 8261.7 kg/hm^(2),which was 5.11%higher than that of‘Maodou 3’(CK),and the standard pod rate was 71.70%.The new variety was approved and released by Fujian Provincial Committee of Crop Variety Identification in July 2022.The variety has large pods and large grains,sweet and soft glutinous taste when cooked.It is a medium and late maturing fresh soybean variety,and is suitable for spring sowing and planting in Fujian Province.