油葵耐盐碱种质鉴定与品种选育研究进展

Salt and Alkali-resistant Oil Sunflower:A Review on Germplasm Identification and Variety Breeding

油葵是北方地区重要的油料作物之一,目前盐碱危害范围逐步扩大,已成为制约油葵发展的重要瓶颈,为了在盐碱地区开展耐盐碱种质资源鉴定与利用研究,选育优质耐盐碱向日葵品种是提高盐碱地作物种植产量和农业可持续发展的重要措施之一。本文从归纳油葵响应盐碱胁迫生理机制,总结油葵响应盐碱胁迫分子机制以及分析油葵耐盐碱种质资源的鉴定和优异资源的筛选等方面详细综述国内外进展,概述了目前油葵耐盐碱品种选育及种质资源创新的最新研究状况,并对未来耐盐碱种质资源创新利用和新品种选育提出新的研究思路和方法:一是通过鉴定种质材料,确定其耐盐碱性等级;二是对已收集和筛选到的种质材料进一步研究其抗逆性机制。同时也为开展油葵耐盐碱品种选育提供理论依据奠定基础。

Oil sunflower is one of the important oil crops in the northern region.At present,the scope of salinealkali hazards is gradually expanding,which has become an important bottleneck restricting the development of oil sunflower.In order to carry out the identification and utilization of saline-alkali tolerant germplasm resources in saline-alkali areas,cultivating high-quality saline-alkali tolerant sunflower varieties is one of the important measures to improve the planting efficiency of saline-alkali crops and the sustainable development of agriculture.In this paper,the physiological mechanism of oil sunflower in response to saline-alkali stress was summarized,the molecular mechanism of oil sunflower response to saline-alkali stress,the identification of salt-tolerant germplasm resources of oil sunflower and the screening of excellent resources were reviewed.The latest research status of salt-tolerant variety breeding and germplasm resources innovation of oil sunflower were summarized.The study put forward new research ideas and methods for the innovative utilization of salttolerant germplasm resources and breeding of new varieties in the future.One was to determine the salinity tolerance level by identifying germplasm materials;the second was to further study the stress resistance mechanism of the collected and screened germplasm materials.At the same time,it also provided a theoretical basis for the breeding of salt-tolerant varieties of oil sunflower.