经颅直流电刺激和基于计算机的认知训练在血管性认知损害患者中的应用

Application of transcranial direct current stimulation and computerized cognitive training in patients with vascular cognitive impairment

经颅直流电刺激(transcranial direct current stimulation,tDCS)是一种无创性脑刺激治疗方法,安全性高,不良反应小,被广泛应用于血管性认知损害(vascular cognitive impairment,VCI)患者。认知训练包括常规认知训练和基于计算机的认知训练(computerized cognitive training,CCT)。后者主要通过游戏方式引导患者进行针对性、动态调整的训练方案,具有低成本、高可用性、趣味性以及不受治疗环境限制的优点,可多感官刺激快速呈现对大脑形成有益的刺激,诱导受损的脑功能重建,从而有效改善VCI患者的认知水平。CCT主要包括记忆训练、注意力训练、语言功能训练、视空间训练以及执行功能训练。目前,tDCS联合CCT在VCI治疗方面取得了一定的进展。

Transcranial direct current stimulation(tDCS)is a non-invasive brain stimulation treatment method with high safety and minimal adverse reactions.It has been widely used in patients with vascular cognitive impairment(VCI).Cognitive training includes conventional cognitive training and computerized cognitive training(CCT).The latter guides patients to carry out targeted and dynamically adjusted training programs mainly through gaming,which has the advantages of low cost,high availability,fun,and not limited by the treatment environment.It can quickly present beneficial stimuli to the brain through multisensory stimulation,induce damaged brain function reconstruction,and effectively improve the cognitive level of patients with VCI.CCT mainly includes memory training,attention training,language function training,visual spatial training,and executive function training.At present,tDCS combined with CCT has made certain progress in the treatment of VCI.