明代理学的正学

Orthodox Learning of Neo-Confucianism in Ming Dynasty

尽管王阳明心学在明代成为儒学的重要流派,但他著意编撰《朱子晚年定论》,足以显示朱熹在其思想中占有“他者”的重要位置。这一“他者”的存在,同样对刘宗周、黄宗羲产生了深远影响。黄宗羲在《明儒学案》中标举刘宗周的思想,通过方孝孺来确立明代理学的正学形象。方孝孺坚守朱子学的立场,传承朱子学的思想,更以生命践行理学,其学术精神被刘宗周和黄宗羲认为与朱子相伯仲,是明代理学之正学。作为思想巨子,刘宗周和黄宗羲对方孝孺的推崇,足以提醒现代学者意识到朱子学对于明代理学的价值和意义。

Although Wang Yangming’s Philosophy of Mind became an important mainstream of Confucianism in the Ming Dynasty,however,his deliberate compilation of the Conclusion of Zhuzi In His Later Years(《朱子晚年定论》)sufficiently demonstrates the significant position of Zhu Xi as an“other”in his thought.The existence of this“other”also had a profound impact on Liu Zongzhou and Huang Zongxi.Huang Zongxi not only promoted Liu Zongzhou’s thought in the Records of Ming Scholars(《明儒学案》)but also established a strong image of Orthodox Learning of Ming Dynasty Neo-Confucianism through Fang Xiaoru’s practice of Zhu Xi’s philosophy.Fang Xiaoru adhered to the stand of Zhu Xi’s philosophy,inherited its thoughts,and practiced Neo-Confucianism with his life,his academic spirit was also considered by Liu Zongzhou and Huang Zongxi to be comparable to Zhu Xi and represented the mainstream Neo-Confucianism of the Ming Dynasty.Liu Zongzhou and Huang Zongxi,as giants of thought,their admiration for Fang Xiaoru is sufficient to remind modern scholars of the value and significance of Zhu Xi’s philosophy within Ming Dynasty Neo-Confucianism.