农业生产条件建设、资本下乡与农业生产方式现代化变革

The Construction of Agricultural Production Conditions,Capital Going to the Countryside,And the Modernization of Agricultural Production Modes

农业农村现代化的基础在于农业生产方式的现代化,实现农业生产方式的现代化变革需要农业特殊生产条件、一般生产条件和自然生产条件现代化建设的一体推进。资本能够按其固有的逻辑推动农业生产社会化,能够通过对可带来利润的生产条件的投资和对自然条件的利用促进生产方式的变革。但农业一般生产条件与自然生产条件的建设短期内难以产生满意的利润,难以吸引私人资本,进而制约农业一般生产条件的现代化发展和自然条件的改善,甚至恶化农业生产的自然条件,这是以资本主导的西方农业现代化模式的顽疾。我国多种所有制共同发展的制度优势和举国体制优势能够为解决西方农业现代化的顽疾,进而为推进中国式农业农村现代化提供保障。我国农业生产方式的现代化变革,关键在于引导资本有序下乡,同时发挥公有资本优势,以协调推进农业特殊生产条件、一般生产条件和自然生产条件的现代化建设,从根本上突破农业生产方式变革的生产条件瓶颈制约,在新的生产条件基础上建立其现代农业生产方式。

The foundation of agricultural and rural modernization lies in the modernization of agricultural production modes,and the modernization of agricultural production modes requires the integrated promotion of the modernization of special agricultural production conditions,general production conditions,and natural production conditions.Capital,in its own inherent logic,can promote the socialization of agricultural production and promote the transformation of production modes through investment in profitable production conditions and the use of natural conditions.However,it is difficult for the construction of general agricultural production conditions and natural production conditions to generate satisfactory profits in the short term,and thus difficult to attract private capital,which in turn restricts the modernization of general agricultural production conditions and improvement of natural conditions,and even worsens the natural conditions of agricultural production.This is a stubborn problem of the capital-led Western model of agricultural modernization.China's institutional advantages of the common development of multiple ownership systems and the nationwide system advantages can solve the stubborn problem of Western agricultural modernization,and then provide a guarantee for promoting Chinese path to agricultural and rural modernization.