努力实现人之“自然提升”与“社会提升”的统一——恩格斯《自然辩证法》对中国式现代化的启示

Strive to Realize the Unity of Mankind's “Natural Lift” and “Social Lift” of Mankind: Enlightenment of Engels' Dialectics of Nature to Chinese Modernization

在《自然辩证法》中,恩格斯第一次把自然观、科学观与历史观统一起来,对人类已经开始的现代化进行了深刻的辩证思考:人类社会与自然界是血与肉的辩证关系,“自然提升”和“社会提升”是辩证统一的关系。而资本主义现代化却割裂了人类社会与自然界的关系,没能把人在社会方面从其余的动物中提升出来,并把劳动群众人为地、强制地同生活资料、享受资料和发展资料隔离开来。超越资本主义现代化的限度,未来社会的现代化是实现人之“自然提升”与“社会提升”相统一的现代化,让劳动群众同时占有“生活资料、享受资料和发展资料”的现代化,“能够认识和正确运用自然规律”和“能够掌握和正确运用科学技术”的现代化。恩格斯对未来社会现代化富有前瞻性的思考,具有极强的时代穿透力,对我们正确理解和把握中国式现代化的本质要求具有重要启示。

In Dialectics of Nature, Engels unified the view of nature, the view of science and the view of history for the first time, and made a profound dialectical thinking on the modernization of mankind which has been initiated: the human society and nature are dialectical relations of blood and flesh, “natural lift” and “social lift” are dialectical unity. The capitalist modernization, on the other hand, separates human society from the natural world, fails at the same time to life mankind above the rest of the animal world as regards the social aspect, and forcibly and artificially isolates the working masses from “the means of livelihood, the means of enjoyment and the means of development”. Beyond the limits of capitalist modernization, the modernization of the future society is the modernization that can realize the unity of “mankand's”“natural lift” and “social lift”, the modernization that working masses possess “means of livelihood, means of enjoyment and means of development” simultaneously, and the modernization that working masses “understand and use the laws of nature correctly” and “master and apply science and technology correctly”. Engels' dialectical thinking on modernization of the future society has a strong penetrating power of the time, and has important enlightenment for us to correctly understand and grasp the essential requirements of Chinese modernization.