初次和重复献血不足量特征及原因分析

Analysis of Characteristics and Causes of Insufficient Initial and Repeated Blood Donation

目的:分析初次和重复不足量献血者的人群特征和相关影响因素,为进一步降低献血不足量的发生率提供依据。方法:回顾性调查2020年1月1日—2021年12月31日某市全血不足量献血者的献血资料,统计不足量献血者相关数据,比较初次和重复献血者不足量的原因。结果:本站全血献血者不足量发生率为1.03%,初次献血者发生率为1.52%,高于重复献血者0.59%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=363.69,P<0.05);在初次献血者中年龄18~25岁不足量发生率为2.40%高于其他年龄组的1.22%、0.94%、0.89%、0,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=222.786,P<0.05);体重≤55 kg的发生率为1.89%高于体重>55 kg的发生率为1.40%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=24.291,P<0.05);高校和集体献血不足量发生率最高,分别为2.81%和1.61%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=176.890、12.693,P<0.05);目标献血量400 mL发生率为1.84%高于300 mL发生率为1.41%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=18.916,P<0.05);初次与重复献血者发生不足量的原因由高到低排列顺序是一致的,主要原因是精神紧张和血流不畅,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=107.916、48.822,P<0.05)。结论:初次和重复献血者发生不足量的主要原因是精神紧张,重点关注初次献血者中年龄18~25岁、体重≤55 kg、目标血量400 mL的高校群体,应采取针对性预防措施,预防献血不足量的发生,减少血液报废和保障献血者安全。

Objective:To analyze the population characteristics and relevant influencing factors of the first and repeated insufficient blood donors,and provide basis for further reducing the incidence of insufficient blood donation.Methods:Retrospective investigation of blood donation data of insufficient blood donors from January 1,2020 to December 13,2021 was done,statistics of relevant data of insufficient blood donors was conducted,and the reasons for insufficient initial and repeated blood donors were compared.Results:The incidence of insufficient blood donors in the station was 1.03%,and the incidence of initial blood donors was 1.52%,which was higher than that of repeated blood donors by 0.59%.The difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=363.69,P<0.05).Among the first blood donors,the incidence of underage of 18~25 years old was 2.40%,which was higher than that of other age groups(1.22%,0.94%,0.89%and 0),and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=222.786,P<0.05).The incidence of body weight≤55kg was 1.89%,which was higher than that of body weight>55 kg(1.40%),with statistically significant difference(χ^(2)=24.291,P<0.05).The highest incidence of insufficient blood donation was 2.81%in colleges and 1.61%in groups,with statistically significant difference(χ^(2)=176.890,12.693;P<0.05).The incidence of 400 mL target blood donation was 1.84%,which was higher than that of 300 mL(1.41%),with statistically significant difference(χ^(2)=18.916,P<0.05).The reasons for insufficient blood volume of the first and repeated blood donors were in the same order from high to low.The main reasons were mental tension and poor blood flow.The difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=107.916,48.822;P<0.05).Conclusion:The main reason for insufficient blood donation of initial and repeated blood donors is mental tension.The focus is on the university group of initial blood donors aged 18~25 years old,weighing≤55 kg,and target blood volume 400 mL.Targeted preventive measures should be taken to prevent the occurrence of insufficient blood donation,reduce blood scrap,and ensure the safety of blood donors.