呼和浩特市儿童诺如病毒病原学及流行特征分析

Pathology and Epidemic Characteristics of Norovirus in Children in Hohhot

目的:通过检验儿童感染诺如病毒的情况,对呼和浩特地区流行病学特点、生理指征和临床表现进行分析研究。方法:选取2018年1月—2021年12月内蒙古自治区妇幼保健院就诊的2 337例儿童,使用荧光实时定量聚合酶链式反应(PCR)技术检测病原体,并结合生化实验室生理指标和临床信息,对诺如病毒阳性病例进行临床相关性分析。结果:呼和浩特市儿童感染诺如病毒阳性率为27.25%。儿童感染和环境污染、人口密度有关,儿童中1~3岁阳性率为31.52%,是易感人群,感染多发生在秋、冬季节;阳性患儿在白细胞升高率为46.60%、中性粒细胞比例降低率为62.00%、淋巴细胞比例升高率为62.00%、降钙素原(PCT)升高率为6.60%、合并轮状病毒为4.80%与阴性儿童的(22.40%、10.40%、10.40%、2.00%、12.00%)相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);在临床症状如发热、腹泻、呕吐、咳嗽、抽搐、嗜睡等方面比较,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=12.500、1.119、48.744、18.835、13.325、11.001,P<0.05);合并其他疾病,在肺炎、病毒性脑炎、皮炎、咽喉炎、心肌炎、癫痫疾病比较,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=26.902、10.109、7.883、7.044、19.136、7.740,P<0.05)。结论:呼和浩特是儿童感染诺如病毒高发地区。儿童感染诺如病毒伴有较严重临床指证对其防治工作应予以重视。

Objective:To know the epidemiological features,physiological indications and clinical manifestations,in order to test norovirus pathogens of norovirus infection in children in Hohhot.Methods:A total of 2337 children who visited Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2018 to December 2021 were recruited to conduct pathogens test by fluorescence real-time quantitative PCR technology.Combined with biochemical laboratory physiological indicators and clinical information,the clinical correlation analysis of norovirus positive cases was carried out.Results:The positive rate of norovirusinfection in children of Hohhot was 27.25%.The infection of children was related to environmental pollution and population density.Children aged from 1~3 were the susceptible group,and the infection mostly occurred in autumn and winter.Compared with negative children(22.40%,10.40%,10.40%,2.00%and 12.00%),positive children had increased rates of white blood cells 46.60%,neutrophils 62.00%,lymphocytes 62.00%,PCT 6.60%and combined rotavirus 4.80%,with statistically significant difference(P<0.05).The difference was statistically significant in clinical symptoms,such as fever,diarrhea,vomiting,cough,convulsion and lethargy,etc(χ^(2)=12.500,1.119,48.744,18.835,13.325,11.001;P<0.05).The difference was statistically significant in combined other diseases,such as pneumonia,viral encephalitis,dermatitis,laryngitis,myocarditis and epilepsy,etc.,with statistically significant difference(χ^(2)=26.902,10.109,7.883,7.044,19.136,7.740;P<0.05).Conclusion:Incidence of norovirus infection in children is high in Hohhot.Prevention and treatment of norovirus infection in children with severe clinical evidence should be paid more attention to.