基于孔板消能原理的水产养殖废物分离可行性研究

The feasibility of separating aquaculture waste based on the principle of energy dissipation in orifice plates

为探索水产养殖主要污染源(残饵、粪便)与养殖水体“固液分离”的新方法,设计一种基于孔板消能原理的水产养殖废物原位分离孔板,以体重(28.16±0.43)g的鲫鱼为研究对象,开展为期5周的养殖试验。孔板组养殖圆桶底部安装孔板,对照组不安装孔板,每组3个重复,分别于试验0、1、2、5、10、15、20、25、30、35 d检测各项关键水质指标,并比较两组鲫鱼的生长性能。结果表明:孔板组固体悬浮物、化学需氧量、总氮、总磷等关键水质因子均显著低于对照组,孔板组和对照组鲫鱼存活率和生长性能差异不显著。综上,在养殖系统中安装孔板可显著改善养殖水质,有利于保证养殖安全。

Residual feed and excrement are the main pollution sources in aquaculture,which often lead to water eutrophication,pathogen breeding,and ecological imbalance,endangering the health of aquatic animals and local aquatic ecological safety.Development and utilization new solid-liquid separation technology and transferring the aquaculture waste out of the culture system timely and efficiently is the key to solve the pollution of aquaculture.In the present study,we introduced a new solid-liquid separation technology for the efficient removal of aquaculture waste based on the energy dissipation principle of the orifice plate.Then,a five-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of the orifice plate in separating aquaculture waste,in which 192 Carassius auratus of(28.16±0.43)g in weight were assigned to six tanks at random,and a commercial diet was used.Culture water was sampled on the 0^(st),1^(st),2^(nd),5^(th),10^(th),15^(th),20^(th),25^(th),30^(th),and 35^(th)day for water quality determination and the indexes determined were suspended solids,permanganate index,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,ammonia nitrogen,and nitrite nitrogen contents.The results showed that all indexes determined were significantly lower in orifice plate groups than those in control groups throughout the whole trial(P<0.05).The orifice plate showed the greatest efficiency in controlling nitrite nitrogen,followed by suspended solids.Moreover,fish growth performance in the orifice plate group was also better than in the control group,though the difference was insignificant.A further in-depth study on factors that affect waste collection efficiency will even improve its power and establish efficient in situ separation technology for the aquaculture industry,and in turn,promote sustainable development of aquaculture.