等离子体还原技术在冶金工艺中的应用

Application of plasma reduction technology in metallurgical processes

双碳战略是钢铁行业实现绿色低碳转型的重要路线,针对该路线产生了诸如氢冶金等一系列理论和工艺技术。目前应用于工业还原炼铁新工艺主要有Corex、HIsmelt等,而等离子体冶金作为炼铁新工艺仍处在实验室阶段。主要对低温和高温等离子体还原炼铁国内外研究做相关阐述。低温等离子体还原更具热力学优势,能降低反应所需活化能,而高温等离子体虽能用于还原,但由于温度和速度的限制其还原效率较低。然而低温等离子体还原炼铁机制尚不清晰,针对多元组分反应路径不明等问题是未来的研究方向。针对等离子体在冶金其他方面的应用,介绍了其在炉外精炼和中间包加热中的作用及特点。等离子体技术在冶金行业的应用具有广阔的前景和巨大的潜力,但仍存在部分领域和方向机制不明、应用脱节等问题,未来针对其在低温领域的扩展应用是低碳冶金的重要课题,推动等离子体冶金的理论构建和工业应用是今后冶金工作者的重要挑战和机遇。

The dual-carbon strategy is an important route for the steel industry to achieve green and low-carbon transformation,and a series of theories and process technologies such as hydrogen metallurgy have been produced for this route.At present,the new processes used in industrial reduction iron making mainly include Corex,HIsmelt,etc.,while plasma metallurgy as a new process of iron making is still in the laboratory stage.The research of low and high temperature plasma reduction iron making at home and abroad was discussed.Low temperature plasma reduction has thermodynamic advantages and can reduce the activation energy required for the reaction,while high temperature plasma can be used for reduction,but its reduction efficiency is low due to the limitation of temperature and speed.However,the mechanism of low-temperature plasma reduction iron making is still unclear,and the problem of unclear reaction path of multi-component is the future research direction.Aiming at the application of plasma in other aspects of metallurgy,the function and characteristics of plasma in secondary steelmaking process and tundish heating were introduced.The application of plasma technology in the metallurgical industry has broad prospects and great potential,but there are still problems such as unclear mechanisms and disconnected applications in certain fields and directions,the future expansion of its application in the field of low temperature is an important topic of low-carbon metallurgy,to promote the theoretical construction and industrial application of plasma metallurgy is an important challenge and opportunity for future metallurgical workers.