喀斯特山区农村居民点脆弱性识别及影响机理——以七星关区为例

Vulnerability and Influencing Factors for Rural Settlements Land Use in Karst Mountains of China:Case Study on Qixingguan District

乡村振兴背景下研究农村居民点脆弱性是实现乡村可持续发展的现实需要。以毕节市七星关区为例,从暴露度、敏感性、适应性3个维度构建涵盖自然环境特征、社会发展水平等因素的农村居民点脆弱性基本组织框架与评价指标体系,运用GIS空间分析功能和地理探测器模型,揭示喀斯特山区农村居民点脆弱性空间分布特征及其相互作用机理。结果表明:(1)七星关区农村居民点空间集聚特征呈多核心分布格局,脆弱性整体处于中等偏低水平,但空间分异性特征显著,二者存在一定的空间响应关系,总体上实现了关联共振;(2)七星关区农村居民点脆弱性存在显著空间正相关关系,暴露度和适应性、敏感性和适应性分别存在较弱负相关关系,是自然、人为、社会等要素相互作用的结果;(3)石漠化和土壤侵蚀是导致喀斯特山区农村居民点脆弱的主要因素,各影响因素交互后因子间解释力明显增强并表现为非线性增强和双因子增强。研究结果对增强喀斯特山区乡村人地系统稳定性、建立预防和应对保护的长效机制具有重要理论意义和实践价值。

Studying the vulnerability of rural settlements is necessary for their revitalization and sustainable development.In this study,a basic organizational framework and evaluation system that considers the natural environment,social development,and other factors in terms of exposure,sensitivity,and adaptability were developed for the vulnerability of rural settlements.Qixingguan District of Bijie City was considered as a case study,and a geographic information system spatial analysis function and geographic probe model were applied to determine the spatial distribution and characteristics of rural settlement vulnerability in karst mountains and their influencing factors.The results demonstrated that rural settlements here have a multicore distribution pattern where the vulnerability is moderately low overall but has significant spatial heterogeneity.There is a considerable positive spatial correlation between vulnerable rural settlements and weakly negative correlations between exposure and adaptability and between sensitivity and adaptability,which can be attributed to the interaction among natural,human-made,and social factors.The primary factors influencing the vulnerability of rural settlements here are stone desertification and soil erosion.These results have important theoretical and practical value for enhancing the stability of rural human-land systems in karst mountains and their long-term protection.