伦敦成长为全球城市的转型过程:产业与发展战略视角

The transformation of London's growth into a global city:The perspective of industry and strategy

回顾17世纪以来伦敦城市经济空间演变及其与城市发展战略变化的互动过程,识别推动伦敦城市持续转型升级动力,从产业和规划视角诠释伦敦成长为全球城市的转型。研究发现:(1)伦敦转型动力源自市场驱动和政策干预的共同作用,促使城市土地利用结构逐渐调整与产业结构持续升级。(2)1940年前市场驱动力较强,伦敦自发形成了由城市中心向外围人口密度与产业等级逐渐降低的空间结构。(3)1940年起城市经济空间结构随政策变化发生了三次明显转变:1940年伦敦实行去中心化战略,绿带限制内城土地开发,使人口产业外迁造成城市空心化;20世纪80年代起转向紧凑城市的发展策略,强调内城土地高效利用,内城经济得以复兴;21世纪可持续发展战略成为主旋律,建立外伦敦开发中心整合布局产业区、强化中央商务区功能以保障伦敦金融服务业优势,从而带动经济持续增长,改善生产生活质量,巩固了伦敦世界金融中心与全球城市的地位。

This article reviews the changes in London's industrial space since the 17th century and its interaction with space development strategy,identifies the driving forces that promote the continuous transformation and upgrading of the London city,and interprets London's industrial space-land use interaction experience of growing into a global city.The research finds that:①The driving force for London's urban transformation stems in the combined effect of market and policy intervention,the result of the gradual adjustment of the urban land use structure and the continuous upgrading of the industrial structure.②Before 1940,the market driving force was strong,and London spontaneously formed a spatial layout of gradually decreasing population density and industrial level from the city center to the periphery;after 1940,the role of policy became prominent.③Since 1940,London's urban industrial space has undergone three significant changes with urban policies:In 1940,London implemented a decentralization strategy,and the green belt restricted land development in the inner city,which caused the migration of population industries and the hollowing of the city;Since the 1980s,it has shifted to the development strategy of compact city,emphasizing the efficient use of inner city land,and the revival of inner city economic space;when in the 21st century,sustainable development strategy has become the main theme,strengthening the functions of the central business district,ensuring the advantages of financial services,and driving the sustained growth of London's economy.The improvement in the quality of production and life has consolidated London's status as a global financial center.