酶法制备芝麻粗油体及其相关理化性质的研究

Study on enzymatic preparation of sesame crude oil body and its related physicochemical properties

目的利用果胶酶与纤维素酶所组成的复合酶对芝麻进行粗油体提取,探究酶法提取粗油体内在稳定机制。方法研究在不同总酶量与复合酶配比下芝麻粗油体的提取率,比较分析了粗油体的组成成分,粒径与电位,微观结构及核磁成像、流变学特性。结果相比于碱法,复合酶法可显著提高粗油体的提取率,当总酶量为5%,果胶酶与纤维素酶质量比为2:1时粗油体的提取率可达68.07%,且粗油体中蛋白质与多糖的含量较高;受组成成分的影响,酶法制备粗油体的粒径较大,粗油体中存在聚集体,且水分分布的均匀性也较差;流变特性分析则表明,酶法制备粗油体的G’和G"值普遍大于碱法制备粗油体。结论酶法粗油体均属于黏弹性体系,具有较好的网络结构和稳定性,但在不同的总酶量和复合酶配比下,由于粗油体间的组成成分不同,其黏弹模量存在差异。

Objective To use a composite enzyme composed of pectinase and cellulase to extract crude oil body from sesame and explore the internal stability mechanism of enzymatic extraction of crude oil body.Methods The extraction rate of sesame crude oil bodies was studied under different total enzyme content and compound enzyme ratio.The composition,particle size and potential,microstructure,magnetic resonance imaging and rheological properties of sesame crude oil bodies were compared and analyzed.Results Compared with the alkaline extraction method,the compound enzyme method could significantly improve the extraction rate of crude oil bodies.When the total enzyme amount was 5% and the mass ratio of pectinase to cellulase was 2:1,the extraction rate of crude oil bodies could reach 68.07%,and the content of protein and polysaccharide in crude oil body was higher.Influenced by the composition of crude oil bodies prepared by enzymatic extraction method,the particle size of was larger,meanwhile the aggregate existed in the crude oil body,and the water distribution uniformity was poor.Rheological analysis showed that the G'and G"values of crude oil bodies prepared by enzymatic extraction method were generally higher than those prepared by alkaline extraction method.Conclusion Enzymatic crude oil bodies are all viscoelastic systems with good network structure and stability.However,the viscoelastic modulus of crude oil bodies are different due to the different composition of crude oil bodies under different total enzyme content and compound enzyme ratio.