植物源农产品中农药残留降解技术研究进展

Advanced technologies for pesticide removal from plant-derived agricultural products

农药作为重要的农业生产资料,在保障农业生产率和农民增收等方面贡献显著。然而伴随农药使用量的增加,农药不合理、不规范使用造成的农药残留问题对人类健康、环境质量和农业可持续发展的影响不容忽视,农药残留降解技术是农产品降残降毒的一个重要研究领域。本文综述了目前植物源农产品中残留农药的降解技术研究概况,主要包括生物降解、物理降解、化学降解等技术。其中生物技术主要包括微生物降解、酶降解、基因工程菌降解以及植物调节因子辅助降解等,物理技术包括超声波降解、吸附去除、电离辐射以及冷等离子体降解等,化学技术则包括光化学降解、氧化分解以及电化学技术等,这些技术为解决农产品和环境中农药残留问题提供了科学基础和理论支撑。本文对上述技术的发展和应用前景进行了展望,为后续技术的优化和推广提供合理参考。

As an important agricultural production material,pesticide contributes a lot to agricultural productivity and rural income.However,with the increase of the use of pesticides,the impact of pesticide residues caused by irrational and irregular use of pesticides on human health,environmental quality and sustainable agricultural development cannot be ignored.The degradation technology of pesticide residues is an important research field for the reduction of residues and toxicity of agricultural products.This paper reviewed the degradation technologies of pesticide residues in agricultural products of plant origin,including biodegradation,physical degradation,chemical degradation and so on.Among them,biotechnology mainly includes microbial degradation,enzyme degradation,genetically engineered bacteria degradation and plant regulatory factor assisted degradation,etc..Physical technology includes ultrasonic degradation,adsorption removal,ionizing radiation and cold plasma degradation,etc..Chemical technology includes photochemical degradation,oxidative decomposition and electrochemical technology,etc..These technologies provide a scientific basis and theoretical support for solving the problem of pesticide residues in agricultural products and the environment.This paper prospected the development and application prospects of the above technologies,which provides a reasonable reference for the optimization and popularization of the subsequent technologies.