贺兰山东麓产区酿酒葡萄中高氯酸盐暴露风险评估

Perchlorate exposure risk assessment in wine grapes in the eastern foot of Helan Mountain

目的了解贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄中高氯酸盐污染现状。方法采用基质外标结合超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱仪测定酿酒葡萄、灌溉水、土壤及施用肥料中高氯酸盐含量,分析污染水平,暴露污染途径,评估暴露风险。结果方法的基质标准曲线在1.0~100.0 ng/mL范围内良好,相关系数分别为0.9992和0.9950,定量限为10.0μg/kg。红、白葡萄中高氯酸盐回收率范围分别为64.5%~101.4%和60.5%~94.4%,相对标准偏差分别小于14.0%和19.0%。酿酒葡萄中高氯酸盐含量水平为9.57~401.2μg/kg,平均值64.6μg/kg,中位值41.7μg/kg。土壤、灌溉水、肥料中高氯酸盐含量范围分别为0~402.5μg/kg、0~46.9μg/L、2.13~5.66 mg/kg。结论贺兰山东麓产区酿酒葡萄中高氯酸盐均有检出,银川玉泉营产区含量较高,青铜峡鸽子山和红寺堡产区含量较低。肥料是酿酒葡萄高氯酸盐的主要贡献者,二者含量呈中度相关(0.535)。人体食用酿酒葡萄的高氯酸盐日均暴露量在0~0.29μg/(kg·d),未超过2015年欧洲食品安全局设置的每日允许摄入量,所有样本危害商小于1,健康风险较小。

Objective To investigate the present situation of perchlorate pollution in wine grapes at the eastern foot of Helan Mountain.Methods The content of perchlorate in wine grapes,irrigation water,soil and applied fertilizer was determined by matrix external standard combined with ultra performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometer.The pollution level,exposure path and exposure risk were analyzed.Results The matrix standard curve of the method was good in the range of 1.0-100.0 ng/mL,the correlation coefficients were 0.9992 and 0.9950,respectively,and the limit of quantitation was 10.0μg/kg.The recovery rates of perchlorate in red and white grapes were 64.5%-101.4% and 60.5%-94.4%,respectively,and the relative standard deviations were less than 14.0%and 19.0% respectively.The content of perchlorate in wine grapes ranged from 9.57-401.2μg/kg/kg,with an average value of 64.6μg/kg and a median value of 41.7μg/kg.The contents of perchlorate in soil,irrigation water and fertilizer ranged from 0 to 402.5μg/kg,0 to 46.9μg/L and 2.13 to 5.66 mg/kg,respectively.Conclusion Perchlorate is detected in wine grapes from the east foot of Helan Mountain,the content is higher in Yuquanying area of Yinchuan,and lower in Dove Mountain and Hongsipu area.Fertilizer is the main contributor of perchlorate in wine grapes,and the content of the two is moderately correlated(0.535).The average daily exposure of perchlorate to human consumption of wine grapes is 0–0.29μg/(kg·d),which does not exceed the allowable daily intake set by the European Food Safety Authority in 2015,and the hazard index of all samples is less than 1,indicating a small health risk.