无锡市市售蔬菜中新烟碱类杀虫剂残留分析及膳食风险评估

Analysis and dietary risk assessment of neonicotinoid insecticides in commercially available vegetables in Wuxi

目的调查无锡市市售蔬菜中新烟碱类杀虫剂残留情况,评估其膳食暴露风险。方法采集2023年无锡市共7类20种74份市售蔬菜样品,采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测12种新烟碱类杀虫剂残留量,依据GB 2763—2021《食品安全国家标准食品中农药最大残留限量》分析检出和超标情况,通过相对效能因子模型、食品安全指数法、危害物风险系数进行膳食风险评估。结果新烟碱类杀虫剂检出率为39.19%,超标率为1.35%。检出5种新烟碱类杀虫剂,分别为吡虫啉、啶虫脒、呋虫胺、噻虫胺、噻虫嗪,检出率最高为噻虫嗪(21.62%)。7大类蔬菜均检出新烟碱类杀虫剂残留。平均总暴露浓度(IMIRPF)为0.980 mg/kg。相对效能因子模型中联合暴露浓度小于健康指导值,所有检出单一安全指数和总体安全指数均值均小于1,危害物风险系数R值中噻虫嗪为2.45,呈中度风险,其余杀虫剂R值均小于1.5,呈低度风险。结论本研究中发现无锡市市售蔬菜存在新烟碱类杀虫剂残留污染,尽管总体膳食风险较低,不会对一般人群造成不可接受的健康风险,仍需继续监测蔬菜新烟碱类杀虫剂。

Objective To investigate the residues of neonicotinoid insecticides in commercially available vegetables in Wuxi,and evaluate the risks of dietary exposure.Methods The 74 samples of 20 kinds of 7 major categories of vegetables were collected from Wuxi in 2023,and the 12 kinds of neonicotinoid insecticides were determined by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.Detection and exceeding levels were analyzed based on GB 2763—2021 National food safety standard-Maximum residue limits of pesticides in food.The dietary risk assessment of neonicotinoid insecticides was evaluated using relative efficacy factor model,food safety index model,and hazard risk coefficient model.Results The detection rate of neonicotinoid insecticides was 39.19% and the exceeding rate was 1.35%.The 5 kinds of neonicotinoid insecticides were detected,including imidacloprid,acetamiprid,dinotefuran,clothianidin,thiamethoxam.The highest detection rate was thiamethoxam,21.62%.The residues of neonicotinoid insecticides were detected in 7 major categories of vegetables.The average total exposure concentration of neonicotinoid pesticides(IMIRPF)was 0.980 mg/kg.In the relative potency factor model,the combined exposure concentration of neonicotinoid insecticides was lower than the health guidance value.All detected single safety index and overall safety index mean values were less than 1.In hazard risk coefficient model,the R value of thiamethoxam was 2.45,indicating moderate risk,while the R values of other insecticides were all below 1.5,indicating low risk.Conclusion In this study,the residual pollution of neonicotinoid insecticides exist in commercially available vegetables in Wuxi,although the overall dietary risk is relatively low and do not pose unacceptable health risks to the general population,further monitoring of neonicotinoid insecticides in vegetables is still needed.