论两湖地区隋唐墓葬出土盟器神煞的构成与变迁

The Composition and Changes of the Meng Qi Shen Sha Unearthed from the Tombs of Sui and Tang Dynasties in Hunan and Hubei

盟器神煞是两湖隋唐墓中的重要随葬品,主要包含镇墓兽、生肖俑、人首有翼俑、连体俑、镇墓武士、门吏俑等种类;它们各自的出现时间与演变轨迹不尽相同,整体面貌经历了“层累”的形成过程,是新因素不断融入、地区丧葬礼俗逐步丰满的产物。两湖隋唐墓葬中大部分盟器神煞被安放于甬道,生肖俑则于墓葬后部拱卫逝者,此种格局与《大汉原陵秘葬经》“盟器神煞篇”的记载有较高相似性,二者可能存在部分共同文化渊源,而两湖隋唐墓葬文化的历史影响或需重新评估。

As an important kind of funerary objects in Sui and Tang tombs in Lianghu area,Meng Qi Shen Sha include different types.The time and evolution track of each type are not the same,and the overall appearance has experienced a"layered"formation process,which is the product of the continuous integration of new factors and the gradual development of regional funeral rites and customs.In the tombs of the Sui and Tang Dynasties in Lianghu area,most of Meng Qi Shen Sha were placed in the corridor,and the zodiac figurines guarded the deceased at the rear part of the tombs.This pattern has a high similarity with the record of"Da Han Yuan Ling Mi Zang Jing",aindicating that the two may have some common cultural origins,and the historical impact of the tomb culture of the Sui and Tang Dynasties in Lianghu area may need to be re-evaluated.