中古墓葬所见双身连体形象的研究——以高句丽壁画墓与武昌隋唐墓为中心

Study on the Images of conjoined creatures in the Middle Ancient Times Tombs—Centered around the Goguryeo Mural Tombs and the Sui and Tang Dynasties Tombs in Wuchang

高句丽壁画墓葬和武昌隋唐墓都发现与神煞俑相关的双身连体形象。武昌地区随葬神煞俑的习俗可能来自山西、河北地区,该习俗在唐高宗晚期至唐玄宗初年较为流行,基本消失于安史之乱之后。从高句丽壁画墓葬的图像配置来看,地轴(地神)是蕴含着调整土地中心作用的地神,武昌隋唐墓出土的地轴可能与道教雷法相关。这类题材的跨时空出现,表明二者都是以东汉墓葬文化传统为基础而发展起来的。

The image of double human heads or animal heads sharing a single body is associated with Mystical Tomb Figurines to Ward off Evils(神煞佣)was found in the Goguryeo(高句丽)mural tombs and the Sui(隋)and Tang(唐)Dynasty tombs in Wuchang(武昌)city.Thecustom of burying Mystical Tomb Figurines to Ward off Evils(神煞俩)in Wuchang city may comefrom Shanxi(山西)province and Hebei(河北)province.From the end of Emperor Gaozong(高宗)of the Tang Dynasty to the beginning of Emperor Xianzong(玄宗)of the Tang Dynasty,the custom of burying a Mystical Tomb Figurines to Ward Off Evil Spirits(神煞佣)was popular in Wuchang city,but after the Anshi's(安史)rebellion,this custom was lost.According to the image arrangement of Goguryeo mural tombs,Dizhou(地轴,pottery figurine with double human heads or animal heads sharing a horizontal snake body,used as a funerary object)appears to represent a god of earth who holds the center of the earth.The Dizhou figurine unearthed from Sui and Tang Dynasty tombs in Wuchang city is related to the Lei Fa(雷法,Thunder Rites or Thunder Magic,a classical form of Taoism).Transcend time and space,similar materials called Dizhou are found in Goguryeo mural tombs and the Sui and Tang Dynasty tombs inWuchang city because both developed based on the traditions of ancient tombs in the Eastern Han Dynasty.