域外管辖论纲

Outline of Extraterritorial Jurisdiction

近年来,域外管辖和域外适用问题成为中国统筹推进国内法治和涉外法治工作的重要议题,但学界对于域外管辖及有关概念尚存争议,实务界在立法、执法和司法实践中也呈现出不同理解。从本质上说,域外管辖权属于国家管辖权范畴,是国家的固有权利。域外管辖指的是国家在本国领土范围内针对境外的人、物或行为确立和行使管辖权,域外管辖包括域外适用,但不等于长臂管辖,也不能等同于经济制裁。国家行使域外管辖权是国际关系中的正常现象,国家往往会在属地管辖权的基础上,依托相关连接点扩张域外管辖权,但这种扩张需要符合“真实合理联系”要求,否则便涉嫌违反国际法,损害国际社会正常秩序。

Extraterritorial Jurisdiction,which is becoming a critical topic in the Promotion of the Domestic Rule of Law and Foreign-related Rule of Law in a Coordinated Manner,remains controversial in connotations in both academic and practical areas.Extraterritorial Jurisdiction,referring to establishing and exercising ju-risdiction by States in its territory over the persons,items or conduct abroad,is an inherent right of sovereign States.Extraterritorial Jurisdiction includes extraterritorial application,however,is not equal to long-arm jurisdiction and economic sanctions.It is common practices for sovereign States to expand their jurisdiction extraterritori-ally based on various territorial links,and such practices are consistent with interna-tional law if“genuine and reasonable link test”has been met.