国际劳工组织工时政策理念演进及其借鉴

The Enlightenment and the Evolution of the Policy and the Concept of the Working Time of the International Labour Organization

国际劳工组织工时政策经历了从缩减工时到灵活工时及至体面工时的三阶段演进,近年来则呈现出缩短工时趋缓、重视灵活排班、注重社会对话等特征。在工时规制理念上,国际劳工组织过往主要关注劳动者安全健康,侧重倾斜保护劳动者权益,当代相对更为注重安全性与灵活性、公平性、效益性、劳动者尊严等多元目标的协调,强调平衡劳动关系各方主体利益。国际劳工组织在工时政策上的这些特征及理念嬗变在一定程度上代表着世界工时制度的发展趋向。我国未来的工时立法应契合社会需求,引入先进工时理念,关注工作生活冲突问题,着力规制非标准工时及例外情形,平衡劳动关系各方合法利益。

The development and evolution of the working time policy of the ILO has experienced three stages from reducing working hours to flexible working time and then to decent working time.In recent years,it has taken on the charac-teristics of shortening working hours,paying attention to flexible scheduling and so-cial dialogues.In terms of the concept of working time regulation,the Internation-al Labour Organization mainly focused on the safety and health of workers in the past,with a particular emphasis on protecting the rights and interests of workers.In contemporary times,ILO has relatively more focused on the coordination of mul-tiple goals such as safety,flexibility,fairness,efficiency and workers’dignity,em-phasizing the balance of the interests of all parties to labor relations.The evolu-tion of these characteristics and ideas of the ILO in working hours policy repre-sents the development trend of the world working hours system to a certain ex-tent.China should meet the social needs,introduce advanced working time con-cept,focus on work-life conflicts and strive to regulate non-standard working hours and exceptions and balance the legitimate interests of all parties to labor relations.