2021年浙江省中小学生超重与肥胖现状及影响因素分析

Prevalence and influencing factors of overweight and obesity among primary and secondary school students in Zhejiang province in 2021:a nutrition and health surveillance-based analysis

目的了解浙江省中小学生超重与肥胖现状及影响因素,为下一步制定干预措施提供科学依据。方法于2021年9—12月,按照“学生营养改善计划”在浙江省5个县(市、区)采用分层整群随机抽样方法,从小学3年级到初中3年级抽取5593名学生作为研究对象,通过问卷调查和体格检查收集学生基本情况、身高和体重信息。根据WS/T 586—2018《学龄儿童青少年超重与肥胖筛查》标准判定超重与肥胖,采用logistic回归分析超重与肥胖影响因素。结果有效调查5220名中小学生,超重、肥胖率分别为15.10%(788人)、12.32%(643人)。男生超重、肥胖率分别为17.69%(485人)、14.89%(408人),女生超重、肥胖率分别为12.22%(303人)、9.48%(235人),男生的超重与肥胖率均高于女生(χ^(2)=42.604、47.399,均P<0.001)。不同体重学生间早餐差异、肉类食用频率、豆类与水果摄入频次和每次摄入量差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),但每次肉类摄入量存在统计学意义(χ^(2)=37.154,P<0.001)。logistic回归分析结果显示,男生、每次肉类摄入量高、每周饮料饮用频率高是超重与肥胖的共同危险因素,低年龄、睡眠不足、每天蔬菜摄入种类多是肥胖的危险因素。结论浙江省中小学生超重与肥胖现象较为严峻,尤其是小年龄段男生。建议通过控制总能量摄入、适量摄入肉类量、控制饮料饮用频次、保障睡眠等来改善中小学生超重肥胖现状。

Objective To understand the prevalence and influencing factors of overweight and obesity among primary and secondary school students in Zhejiang province for developing relevant intervention measures.Methods As a part of"Student Nutrition Improvement Program",on site questionnaire survey and physical examinations were conducted during September-December 2021 among 5593 primary school students(gradeⅢand above)and secondary school students(gradeⅢand below)recruited using a stratified cluster random sampling at 5 counties/prefectures/districts of Zhejiang province.Overweight and obesity were determined according to the standard of'Screening for Overweight and Obesity in School-age Children and Adolescents(WS/T 586-2018)'issued by National Health and Family Planning Commission.Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze influencing factors of overweight and obesity.Results Of the 5220 students surveyed effectively,15.10%(788)and 12.32%(643)were assessed as being with overweight and obesity;the overweight and obesity prevalence rate(17.69%and 14.89%)of the boy students were significantly higher than those(12.22%and 9.48%)of the girl students(χ^(2)=42.604 andχ^(2)=47.399;both P<0.001).There were no significant differences in frequencies of having breakfast and meat consumption,and in the frequency and amount of legume and fruit among the students with different body weight(all P>0.05);however,there was a statistically significant difference in the amount of meat consumed each time(χ^(2)=37.154,P<0.001).The logistic regression analysis results showed that being male,consuming a high amount of meat each time,and having a high frequency of beverage consumption per week were common risk factors for overweight and obesity.Younger age,insufficient sleep,and consuming multiple types of vegetables per day were risk factors for obesity.Conclusion The overweight and obesity were prevalent among primary and secondary school students in Zhejiang province,especially among young boys.Limiting total energy intake,consuming moderate amounts of meat,reducing the frequency of beverage consumption,and ensuring adequate sleep should be promoted for controlling overweight and obesity among the students.