非农就业、社会资本对农户农机租赁与雇工支出的影响研究——基于CFPS2018数据的实证分析

随着我国农村优质劳动力的大量外流,农业劳动力稀缺和老龄化问题日渐突出,租赁农机和农业雇工成为克服农户家庭劳动力约束的有效途径。同时,中国乡土社会普遍存在的以血缘和地缘为纽带的社会资本也可能影响农户的农机租赁和雇工支出。该文利用2018年中国家庭追踪调查数据,实证研究非农就业、社会资本对农户农机租赁和雇工支出的影响。研究表明,非农就业能够促进农户农机租赁行为,但会减少其雇工支出,而社会资本则会同时提高农户农机租赁与雇工支出。因此,应努力提高农机服务效率,设立农业雇工平台,构建多层次、多元化农机服务体系,缓解非农就业引致的农地弃耕撂荒问题,实现农户与现代农业的有机衔接。

With the outflow of a large number of high-quality rural labor force in China,the problems of agricultural labor scarcity and aging have become increasingly prominent.Leasing agricultural machinery and agricultural employees have become an effective way to overcome the labor constraints of peasant households.At the same time,the common social capital linked by consanguinity and geography in Chinese local society may also affect farmers'agricultural machinery leasing and employment expenses.Based on the data of Chinese household tracking survey in 2018,this paper empirically studies the impact of non-agricultural employment and social capital on farmers'agricultural machinery rental and employment expenditure.The research shows that non-agricultural employment can promote farmers'agricultural machinery leasing behavior but reduce their employment expenditure,while social capital will increase farmers'agricultural machinery leasing and employment expenditure at the same time.Therefore,efforts should be made to improve the service efficiency of agricultural machinery,set up an agricultural employment platform,build a multi-level and diversified agricultural machinery service system,alleviate the problem of abandoned farmland caused by non-agricultural employment,and realize the organic connection between farmers and modern agriculture.