铁路道岔状态非接触式综合检测技术研究

Research on Non-contact Comprehensive Inspection Technology of Railway Turnout Status

针对铁路道岔状态检测人为因素影响较大、检测费时耗力问题,提出一种非接触式道岔工务设备状态综合检测技术。参照TB/T 3147—2020《铁路轨道检查仪》,依托H型四轮式车体架构,将电源等部件模块化对称分布于车体中心两侧以保证车体重心平衡。以旋转编码器、线结构激光传感器、高清相机、惯性测量单元为底层物理终端,融合点云、视觉处理技术,并结合惯性导航算法和卡尔曼滤波器算法,实现道岔几何及结构参数、轮廓、弹条及轨枕状态等项点检测分析。通过试验验证,道岔轨件廓形的检测值与轮廓检测仪测量值的偏差基本控制在±0.2 mm以内,道岔几何及结构参数经过数据融合处理解算,与人工测量值的偏差基本控制在±1 mm以内。该技术可以从根本上将道岔状态检测模式由“人工为主,机具为辅”转变为“设备为主,人工为辅”。

Aiming at the problems of great influence of human factors on railway turnout status inspection as well as time-consuming and labor-intensive inspection,this paper proposes a non-contact comprehensive inspection technology for turnout track maintenance equipment status.With reference to Inspecting Instrument for Railway Track(TB/T 3147-2020)and relying on the H-type four-wheel carbody structure,the power supply and other components are modularly and symmetrically distributed on both sides of the carbody center to ensure the balance of the center of gravity of the carbody.With rotary encoder,linear structured laser sensor,high-definition camera and inertial measurement unit as the underlying physical terminals,point cloud and visual processing technology are integrated,and inertial navigation algorithm and Kalman filter algorithm are combined to realize the inspection and analysis of turnout geometric and structural parameters,profile,clip and sleeper status.Through test verification,the deviation between the inspected value of turnout rail profile and the measured value of profile detector is basically controlled within±0.2 mm.After data fusion processing and calculation,the deviation between the geometric and structural parameters of turnout and manually measured values is basically controlled within±1 mm.This technology can fundamentally change the turnout status inspection mode from“mainly by manpower,supplemented by machinery”to“mainly by equipment,supplemented by manpower”.